Graph Classification via Network Usable Information: From Representation Evaluation to Structure Selection

Abstract

We propose NetinfoGC, a framework for graph classification that extends the Network Usable Information (NUI) paradigm to graph-level learning. Unlike conventional graph neural network approaches that rely on end-to-end training of black-box embeddings, NetinfoGC constructs a family of permutation-invariant graph representations derived from propagation-based mechanisms and classical structural descriptors, including graph centrality measures. To evaluate representation quality, we introduce a training-free NUI estimation procedure based on clustering consistency with ground-truth labels, providing a proxy for task-relevant information without supervised learning. We further exploit the same representations using sparse-group LASSO regularization, enabling automatic selection of informative structural descriptors while suppressing redundant ones. Experiments on benchmark datasets show that classical centrality measures are highly competitive with learned propagation-based representations, and in several cases yield superior performance. Moreover, we observe a strong correlation between estimated NUI and downstream classification accuracy, validating NUI as an effective measure of representation utility. Overall, NetinfoGC provides a unified and interpretable framework for evaluating and exploiting graph representations without requiring end-to-end neural training.