Jul 2026· Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology· 0 citations
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a crucial food crop, but its productivity is greatly affected by insect pests, particularly the yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker). This study evaluated rice cultivars for resistance to this pest under natural field conditions during the Rabi 2025-26 season at the Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Warangal, Professor Jayashankar Telangana Agricultural University (PJTAU). Thirty rice cultivars, together with seven resistant and susceptible checks, were evaluated in a randomised block design (RBD) with two replications. Yellow stem borer (YSB) damage was recorded at the vegetative stage at 30 and 50 days after transplanting (DAT) and at the reproductive stage. Based on dead-heart incidence, five cultivars were classified as highly resistant, seven as resistant, ten as moderately resistant, seven as moderately susceptible, and one as susceptible. Based on white-ear incidence, five cultivars were highly resistant, seven were resistant, nine were moderately resistant, seven were moderately susceptible, and two were susceptible. WGL-1957 recorded the lowest dead-heart incidence and the highest grain yield, whereas IET 29877 recorded the lowest white-ear incidence and the second-highest grain yield. These resistant cultivars may serve as donors in breeding programmes for yellow-stem-borer resistance and may support integrated pest management strategies.
Aims: To evaluate advanced rice breeding lines for their response to yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker), under augmented infestation and to identify tolerant and susceptible genotypes based on white ear damage during the reproductive phase.
Study Design: A field evaluation of rice genotypes under augmented yellow stem borer infestation across two locations.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR-IIRR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, and Ramachandrapuram, Patancheru, Telangana, India, during kharif 2025.
Methodology: Twenty-three advanced rice breeding lines from varying backgrounds, along with three susceptible checks (Pusa Basmati 1, TN1 and RNR 15048) and three tolerant checks (Sasyasree, W1263 and SM92), were evaluated for white ear damage under augmented infestation conditions. Augmented infestation was carried out by pinning egg masses at the black-head stage. White ear incidence was recorded during the reproductive phase, and the response of the genotypes was compared across the two locations.
Results: Augmented infestation produced significantly higher white ear damage and effectively differentiated tolerant and susceptible rice genotypes. Mean white ear incidence varied widely among genotypes. W1263 (10.99% WE) and SM92 (8.31% WE) exhibited low and stable incidence across the two locations, while NLR 3989 (3.37% WE) and five other lines recorded negligible incidence (<9% WE), identifying them as tolerant sources. Pusa Basmati 1 (31.57% WE), TN1 (18.58% WE) and RNR 15048 (21.02% WE) remained consistently susceptible, whereas Sasyasree showed partial tolerance under higher pest pressure.
Conclusion: The identified tolerant genotypes can be utilised as valuable sources in breeding programmes for the development of rice varieties with reduced damage from yellow stem borer.
KVN. Sreeja, A. Padmakumari, C. N. Reddy et al.· Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoo...· 0 citations
Local rice germplasm is a valuable genetic resource for developing bacterial leaf blight (BLB)-resistant and high-yielding rice cultivars. However, information on the resistance of Southwest Aceh local rice to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), particularly during the generative stage, remains limited. Previous studies have mainly focused on commercial cultivars or vegetative-stage screening, leaving the resistance potential of local germplasm at the reproductive stage largely unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of local rice to BLB at the generative stage of plant growth. The research was conducted at Experimental Field, Teuku Umar University. West Aceh (4°08′33″ N; 96°11′54″ E). Fifteen local rice genotypes, together with resistant and susceptible control varieties, were evaluated following artificial inoculation with Xoo strain VIII. Disease resistance was assessed based on incubation period and lesion length, while agronomic performance was evaluated using key yield-related traits. Seven local genotypes Itam Tangke Lango, Jantong, Jempa Puteh, Manyam U, Pade Manggeng-1, Pade Manggeng-2, and Rangan Lango were classified as resistant based on lesion length. Among the evaluated genotypes, Sikleng exhibited superior agronomic performance, producing the highest number of productive tillers (27.50) and grains per panicle (317.73). The novelty of this study lies in evaluating Southwest Aceh local rice germplasm for bacterial leaf blight resistance at the generative stage using Xoo strain VIII while integrating disease resistance with yield-related agronomic traits. The identified resistant genotypes provide valuable donor parents for breeding BLB-resistant, high-yielding rice cultivars and contribute to sustainable rice production and regional food security.
W. Hadianto, Yusrijal, Nana Ariska et al.· Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan...· 0 citations
The yellow stem borer (YSB), Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker), is a monophagous pest and an economically important pest that causes substantial yield loss in paddy. Due to injudicious use of synthetic chemicals for the management of the yellow stem borer leads to harmful effects on human health and natural enemies in the paddy ecosystem. Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate different farming methods like natural farming (NF), organic farming (OF), conventional farming (CF) and farmers’ practices (FP) against YSB in paddy. The experiment was carried out at the Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Honnavile, Shivamogga during the summer cropping seasons of 2021 and 2022. The results revealed that farmers practices (Chlorantraniliprole 0.4% GR @ 12kg/ha) significantly reduced dead heart (6.49 %) and white ear head (3.22 %) incidence in paddy. This was followed by conventional farming (Chlorantraniliprole 0.4% GR @ 10kg/ha), which recorded dead heart (6.89 %) and white ear head (3.85 %). However highest percentage of dead heart and white ear head was observed in natural farming and organic farming treatment. A significantly higher population of natural enemies (coccinellids and spiders) was recorded under natural farming (9.98), followed by organic farming (9.65).The yield was significantly higher in the conventional farming that is 55.76q/ha followed by farmer’s practices 55.18q/ha. The highest cost-benefit ratio was recorded in the natural farming plot followed by the conventional farming plot, compared to other treatments.
H. K. Veeranna, S. Adarsha, Sharanabasappa S. Deshmukh et al.· Journal of the Entomological...· 0 citations
Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, is a major constraint on tomato production worldwide. The present study was undertaken to evaluate thirty tomato germplasm accessions obtained from the ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (IIVR), Varanasi, for their response to Fusarium wilt under field conditions during the 2023 and 2024 cropping seasons at SKUAST-Jammu, Chatha. The thirty germplasm accessions were evaluated under artificial disease pressure, and disease development was assessed through disease incidence, apparent infection rate (r), and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), with Pusa Ruby included as the susceptible cultivar. Significant variation was observed among the germplasm accessions in disease development and progression. Based on pooled disease incidence, one germplasm accession was categorised as tolerant (T), two as moderately susceptible (MS), ten as susceptible (S), and seventeen as highly susceptible (HS), whereas no germplasm accession showed resistant (R) or moderately resistant (MR) reactions. The germplasm accessions also exhibited considerable differences in infection rate and AUDPC values, reflecting variability in the speed and cumulative development of Fusarium wilt. Arka Saurabh exhibited comparatively lower disease development, while highly susceptible germplasm accessions showed rapid disease progression and greater disease accumulation. The identified tolerant and less susceptible germplasm accessions can be utilised as potential sources in tomato improvement programmes for developing Fusarium wilt-resistant cultivars.
Nentia Chib, S. K. Singh, M. Thabrez et al.· Plant cell biotechnology and...· 0 citations
Morphological rice seedling traits at the three-leaf stage were significantly correlated with RGM oviposition preference, as validated using natural populations and an F2 segregating population, suggesting a role in antixenosis.
Fugang Huang, Xiaoling Li, Zhe Jiang et al.· Theoretical and Applied Gene...· 0 citations
Little millet (Panicum sumatrense) is a vital climate-resilient small millet grown extensively in arid and semi-arid regions. However, seedling mortality caused by shoot fly, Atherigona pulla (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Muscidae), remains a primary biotic constraint, leading to substantial dead-heart formation and yield reductions. Field screening of 99 diverse little millet germplasms was conducted in an augmented block design at the Zonal Agricultural Research Station (ZARS), UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru, during two consecutive seasons (Kharif 2023 and Kharif 2024) under natural field infestation. Infestation levels were evaluated based on the percentage of dead-hearts recorded at 21 and 28 days after emergence (DAE) and were categorised using a standard 1–9 rating scale (Highly Resistant to Highly Susceptible). Variation in dead-heart damage was observed among the evaluated genotypes across both seasons. In Kharif 2023, the mean dead-heart percentage ranged from 5.00% to 53.33%, whereas in Kharif 2024, it ranged from 5.00% to 55.00%. Genotypes GPMP 609, GPMP 675, OLM 203 and GPMP 728 consistently displayed high levels of resistance, exhibiting the lowest mean dead-heart incidence (5.00% to 6.67%) with a score of 1. Other promising highly resistant entries included GPMP 642, GPMP 709, GPMP 669, GPMP 611, GPMP 671, GPMP 641 and GPMP 714. Conversely, germplasms GPMP 745, GPMP 700, GPMP 607 and the check DPLV 1 recorded severe infestations (53.33% to 55.00%) and were categorised as Highly Susceptible (score 9). The stable highly resistant genotypes identified in this investigation provide valuable donor germplasm for host-plant resistance breeding programmes aimed at developing pest-resilient, high-yielding cultivars of little millet without relying heavily on synthetic chemical interventions.
Unknown authors· Journal of Agriculture and E...· 0 citations
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