Beyond the frontiers: avian organoid and stem cell models for genetic rescue in bird conservation

Abstract

Various threats, including habitat loss, climate change, overexploitation, and human activities, endanger bird species. To combat declining avian populations, cutting-edge technologies have been employed to safeguard species, particularly those that are endangered or critically endangered. From this perspective, we highlight organoid and stem cell models, combined with genomic tools, as a novel approach to genetic rescue in bird populations. Somatic and germline stem cell technologies, such as embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and primordial germ cells, along with a biobanking platform, are emphasized for avian genetic conservation. Integrating in situ and ex situ conservation through cell-based and genomic studies could bridge the genotype-phenotype gap, thereby enhancing conservation efforts. The theme: From Cells to Conservation is proposed, aiming for real-world conservation impact and reusable outcomes. Overall, cellular models and translational genetic platforms under this theme could inform evidence-based strategies for sustainable genetic rescue of threatened bird populations.