Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Mbour Population, Senegal on Antimicrobial Resistance: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global public health. Its emergence is fuelled by the inappropriate use of antimicrobials, self-medication, premature discontinuation of treatment, and the sharing of antibiotics. People’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices play an important role in the appropriate use of antibiotics and the prevention of AMR. This study aimed to assess people’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding antibiotics and AMR in several areas of Mbour Department, Senegal. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from 20 August to 1 September 2026 among 664 participants recruited through a community-based survey in several localities of Mbour Department, Senegal. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of antibiotics and AMR, attitudes and practices regarding antibiotic use, sources of information, and perceptions of AMR. Qualitative variables were described using frequencies and percentages, while quantitative variables were summarised using means and standard deviations. Data were analysed using RStudio version 4.4.0 and Microsoft Excel. Informed consent was obtained from participants, and confidentiality and anonymity were ensured. Results: The mean age of the participants was 39.4 ± 7.6 years, and 54.5% were men. Although 91.3% had heard of antibiotics and 68.1% had heard of AMR, only 46.4% correctly identified resistant bacteria as being involved in antibiotic resistance. Additionally, 65.2% knew that antibiotics are ineffective against colds or influenza, and 78.2% recognised the risks associated with their misuse. Self-medication was identified as a factor contributing to AMR by 77.0% of participants. During the previous 12 months, 69.9% had used an antibiotic, and 28.0% had purchased one without a prescription. Furthermore, 59.0% considered it acceptable to keep leftover antibiotics, and 63.7% considered it acceptable to use antibiotics belonging to another person. Most participants (92.6%) supported additional awareness activities. Conclusion: Despite good awareness of antibiotics and AMR, gaps in knowledge and risky practices persist, particularly self-medication, purchasing antibiotics without a prescription, storing leftover antibiotics, and sharing antibiotics. Strengthening community awareness and education on the appropriate use of antibiotics appears necessary in Mbour Department.