AN INTEGRATED REVIEW ON PHYTOCHEMICAL DIVERSITY AND PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF CITRUS PSEUDOLIMON (L.) TANAKA: CURRENT EVIDENCE AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

From Neglected Desert Vine to Promising Bio-Resource: Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, Poultry Applications, and Ecological Significance of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad.

Collectively, the available evidence indicates that C. colocynthis is a promising source of bioactive compounds with potential pharmaceutical, veterinary, and ecological applications, although rigorous scientific validation is required before its safe and effective utilization can be recommended.

Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth ex Kurz medicinal plant: A review of its ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, therapeutic potentials and safety perspectives

Oroxylum indicum (l.) Benth. ex Kurz is an edible medicinal plant found in the South and Southeast Asian regions. Local populations utilise various parts of the plant including its pendulous-sword-like fruits, night-blooming flowers, thin-papery seeds and compound leaves as sources of medicine and food. Among its numerous phytochemicals, flavonoids, particularly the baicalein, are the most abundantly found compound. The baicalein is recognised for its potent antioxidant, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties, showing promises for the treatment of cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Despite these benefits and potentials, it is dangerous to assume all the natural plant-derived compounds are non-toxic and safe for consumption without proper scientific investigation focusing on their potential chronic toxicity for long term consumption. Therefore, a literature search was conducted using selected databases, namely PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus, with the keyword “Oroxylum indicum” and “baicalein” to collate relevant peer-reviewed literature for critical appraisal. The retrieved articles were critically reviewed to provide a comprehensive overview of the O. indicum, covering its ethnopharmacological uses, therapeutic potentials, scientific extraction techniques and toxicological evaluation of its major phytoconstituent – baicalein, for the benefit of future research. The insights gathered here could provide a critical information and knowledge for the regulatory agencies, consumers and manufacturers interested in food and natural products derived from O. indicum, helping to mitigate the risk associated with potential misuse and ensuring safer consumption.

Exploring the Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Potential of Medicinal Plant Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.: A Comprehensive Review

The Therapeutic Promise of Citrus limon: A Review of its In-Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects

Citrus plants, members of the Family Rutaceae have long been utilized in Traditional Indian medicine for the treatment of scurvy, Rheumatism , stomach ailments, diarrhea ,and liver disorders. In addition to their therapeutic applications, Citrus plants are well known for their potent antioxidant properties, underscoring their significance in both Ethnomedicine and modern pharmacological research. Citrus essential oils are fascinating because they sit at the intersection of botany, chemistry and human health. the Rutaceae family, with its rich diversity has given us plants whose oils are aromatic and also pharmacologically active. What makes citrus oils particularly valuables is their complex Phytochemical composition-mainly Terpenes {like limonene, Aldehydes ,Alcohols, Esters, Flavonoids } these mixture of compounds are known for both the Organoleptic properties { Flavour, fragrance} and the bioactivities like Antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties. The study has an objective to investigate the composition of phytochemicals in citrus limon leaf powder and evaluate their potential pharmacological activities majorly antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity by evaluating their chemical constituents and carrying out testing procedures in various applications, the review highlights the importance of citrus limon leaves as a sustainable source of natural bioactive compounds. Citrus Genus are the most cultivated fruit crops ,rich in carotenoids, Flavonoids , and many other bioactive compounds of nutritional and nutraceutical values.

Phytochemical Landscape, Pharmacological Activities, and Translational Prospects of Callistemon citrinus: An Integrative Review

Callistemon citrinus (Myrtaceae), a traditional medicinal herb, has been used to treat various disorders associated with metabolism, digestion, inflammation, and respiration. Recent discoveries in pharmacology, together with the herb's diverse phytochemistry, have raised the possibility of multiple targets for medicinal interventions. This review attempts to critically analyse the phytochemical profile and pharmacology of C. citrinus. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases were used to do a systematic literature search until 2025. PRISMA-based guidelines were used to screen and analyze peer-reviewed research, including in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies. Information on biological activity, mechanisms, safety profiles, and phytochemistry was retrieved. Flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, tannins, and sterols are just a few of the many bioactive components found in C. citrinus. Pharmacological research demonstrates the antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, gastroprotective, neuroprotective, and anticancer properties. While other activities remain restricted to experimental models with inconsistent methodological quality, antioxidant and antibacterial benefits are supported by rather consistent preclinical data. Mechanistically, oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators, and metabolic pathways are all modulated. However, there is little experimental confirmation; new in silico research points to multi-target interactions. In acute and subacute models, toxicological research shows a favourable safety profile. C. citrinus has various pharmacological properties due to its unique phytochemistry. Although there is substantial research on its antioxidant and anti-microbial properties, all the information is based on experimental data. There is a need for clinical trials to prove its potential therapeutic benefits. Although C. citrinus has remarkable therapeutic promise, the paucity of clinical studies and pharmacokinetic data, and the lack of standardization hinder its clinical translation. Welldesigned clinical trials, bioavailability improvement, and mechanistic validation should be the top priorities for future research.

Phytochemical insights and pharmacological advances of Lepidium sativum L. (garden cress): bridging traditional medicine and evidence-based therapeutics

Background Lepidium sativum L. is a medicinal plant in the Brassicaceae family that has been used for the production of food and medicine. Scientists are becoming interested in it because of its rich phytochemical profile and ethnomedical uses. Nonetheless, a comprehensive understanding of its conventional use, bioactive components, pharmacological actions, and therapeutic significance is still crucial. Objective This review examines Lepidium sativum's traditional uses, phytochemical profile, pharmacological actions, and toxicological and safety considerations. Methods A literature search was conducted via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. This review was conducted in accordance with SANRA, and the findings were synthesized qualitatively. Results This review shows Lepidium sativum has a variety of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, osteoprotective, wound-healing, reproductive, and anticancer effects. Bioactive components such as glucosinolates, alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, coumarins, and lignans are mostly responsible for these activities. These compounds affect cellular signaling, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and metabolic pathways. Nevertheless, differences in phytochemical content, extraction techniques, dosage, bioavailability, and lack of standardization limit clinical translation. Traditional dosages of Lepidium sativum are usually harmless, but excessive doses or extended exposure to concentrated formulations may be harmful. Conclusion Lepidium sativum is a promising multipurpose medicinal plant that combines traditional knowledge with contemporary pharmacological research. Phytochemical bioactives and biological effects enable its growth as a source of functional foods, nutraceuticals, and medicinal agents. To determine its therapeutic potential, more research on molecular pathways, safety assessment, and clinical validation is necessary.