Jul 2026· International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance· Vol 16· 0 citations· 18 references
TL;DR
Osteoporotic fractures are prevalent among older adults, particularly in women and those with prior fractures or nutritional deficiencies, and targeted interventions, including nutritional supplementation, physical activity, and fall prevention are essential to reduce fracture risk and improve quality of life.
Abstract
Background: Osteoporotic fractures are a major public health concern among older adults, leading to significant
morbidity, mortality, and reduced quality of life. Identifying prevalence and risk factors is critical for effective
prevention.
Aim: To determine the prevalence of osteoporotic fractures among older adults and evaluate associated risk
factors.
Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Orthopaedics, Sheikh
Bhikhari Medical College and Hospital, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, India, from May 2022 to August 2024. Ninety
adults aged ≥60 years with clinically and radiologically confirmed osteoporotic fractures were enrolled.
Demographic, clinical, and lifestyle data were collected, and fracture sites were documented. Bone mineral density
assessment and structured questionnaires captured nutritional and lifestyle risk factors. Statistical analyses
included Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression.
Results: Hip fractures were most common (38.9%), followed by vertebral (27.8%) and distal radius (20%)
fractures. Female sex predominated in hip and vertebral fractures (p<0.05). Significant independent risk factors
included age ≥70 years (OR=2.45), female sex (OR=1.78), low calcium intake (OR=2.10), vitamin D deficiency
(OR=1.92), sedentary lifestyle (OR=2.30), and history of previous fractures (OR=3.15). Smoking and alcohol use
were not significantly associated.
Conclusion: Osteoporotic fractures are prevalent among older adults, particularly in women and those with prior
fractures or nutritional deficiencies. Targeted interventions, including nutritional supplementation, physical
activity, and fall prevention, are essential to reduce fracture risk and improve quality of life.
INTRODUCTION
Osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) are a major cause of morbidity in older adults, leading to pain, disability, and decreased quality of life. Although osteoporosis is traditionally associated with women, men also experience substantial morbidity and mortality after fractures. However, the mechanisms underlying sex differences in OVF remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate sex differences in comorbidities, bone mineral density (BMD), nutritional status, and MRI findings in patients with OVF.
METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed 492 patients (126 men and 366 women) hospitalized for OVF between 2015 and 2021. Clinical data, including comorbidities, BMD, Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), and MRI signal patterns, were collected. MRI patterns were classified into low- and high-risk groups for delayed bone union. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent factors associated with high-risk MRI patterns.
RESULTS
Men had a significantly higher prevalence of cardiac, renal, and brain disorders, as well as malignancy, compared with women. Men also had significantly higher BMD but lower PNI values. High-risk MRI patterns were more frequent in men in univariate analysis (41.3% vs. 30.0%, p = 0.039). However, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that PNI was independently associated with high-risk MRI patterns (OR 0.943 per point increase, 95% CI 0.902-0.986, p = 0.0098), whereas sex was not.
CONCLUSIONS
Poor nutritional status was independently associated with high-risk MRI patterns in patients with OVF. The observed sex differences in acute radiological risk may be partially explained or mediated by differences in baseline nutritional status rather than biological sex itself.
Tatsuya Yasuda, Junichiro Sarukawa, Kaoru Yamazaki et al.· Journal of Orthopaedic Scien...· 0 citations
Background Vertebral fractures are the most common osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women and are strongly associated with higher morbidity, lower quality of life, and higher risk of death. Identifying risk factors for vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women is essential for early prevention and intervention. The aim of this study was to systematically assess and quantify the risk factors for vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women by meta-analysis. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases to include all observational studies reporting risk factors for vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women. The search was conducted from the date of database creation to April 20, 2025, Study screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed by two independent reviewers, and study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Data were analyzed using Stata15 software. Results A total of 11 studies involving 7,605 participants were included. The meta-analysis showed that advanced age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.12], higher body mass index (BMI; OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01–1.14), previous fracture (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.29–2.45), low lumbar-spine bone mineral density (BMD; OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.27–1.89), glucocorticoid use (OR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.34–4.09), and rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 2.99, 95% CI: 1.38–6.45) were associated with a higher likelihood of vertebral fracture in postmenopausal women. Conclusion This meta-analysis showed that risk factors for vertebral fracture in postmenopausal women include age over 60 years, higher body mass index, history of previous fracture, low lumbar bone density, glucocorticoid use, and rheumatoid arthritis. These factors significantly increase the risk of vertebral fractures. Therefore, early screening and intervention in these high-risk groups is warranted to reduce the incidence of vertebral fractures and to provide more individualized prevention and treatment strategies.
Yi He, Jing Zhang· Frontiers in Medicine· 0 citations
Background/Objectives: Modifiable lifestyle behaviors may be relevant to osteoporotic fracture risk, but their cumulative association across different levels of skeletal health remains unclear. This study investigated the association between a cumulative lifestyle score and osteoporotic fracture risk according to baseline bone mineral density (BMD) category in older women. Methods: We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study using Korean National Health Insurance Service data from 541,770 women aged 66 years who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry through the national life-transition health screening program between 2010 and 2016. A cumulative lifestyle score ranging from 0 to 3 was constructed by assigning one point each for regular exercise, non- or ex-smoking status, and non-drinking status. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate associations with any, vertebral, hip, and other osteoporotic fractures across normal BMD, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups. Results: Higher lifestyle scores were generally associated with lower osteoporotic fracture hazards across BMD categories. For any fracture, the adjusted hazard ratios for lifestyle score 3 versus 0 were 0.746 (95% CI, 0.564–0.987) in the normal BMD group, 0.747 (95% CI, 0.630–0.885) in the osteopenia group, and 0.786 (95% CI, 0.668–0.924) in the osteoporosis group. No statistical evidence of interaction between lifestyle score and BMD category was observed. The incidence-rate differences between scores 0 and 3 for any fracture were 4.49, 6.03, and 5.99 per 1000 person-years in the normal BMD, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups, respectively. Conclusions: A more favorable cumulative lifestyle profile was associated with lower osteoporotic fracture risk across BMD categories in older women. Although there was no statistical evidence that the relative associations differed by BMD category, larger incidence-rate differences were observed among women with lower BMD. These observational findings support the potential value of integrated lifestyle assessment as a complementary component of fracture-risk assessment and counseling.
Dojoon Park, H. Koh, Seokwon Jeong et al.· Healthcare· 0 citations
Older adults in long-term care (LTC) facilities are at high risk for fragility fractures due to bone loss, impaired mobility, cognitive decline and polypharmacy. Such fractures increase morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs.
This prospective study evaluated the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention programme for fracture prevention amongst older adults in LTC.
A prospective, 24-month interventional study (January 2022–December 2023) was conducted in 10 LTC homes across three districts with 520 residents aged ≥65 years. Outcomes were compared with a matched historical control cohort drawn from the same LTC facilities during 2020–2022, using identical inclusion criteria and outcome definitions. The intervention included Vitamin D and calcium supplementation, structured exercise, medication review, fall prevention strategies and environmental modifications. Fracture incidence, fall rates and functional status were compared to a historical control.
Hip and non-hip fractures decreased by 36% and 28%, respectively. Vitamin D supplementation improved serum 25(OH) D levels (
P
< 0.01). Exercise enhanced balance and strength (
P
< 0.05). Psychotropic use declined by 18% following polypharmacy review. Fall rates dropped by 31%.
A comprehensive, multidisciplinary intervention significantly reduced fracture risk in LTC residents, supporting its broader implementation to improve musculoskeletal health and safety in geriatric care.
S. Nanda, S. Tripathy, A. Gachhayat et al.· Preventive Medicine· 0 citations
Densitometric osteoporosis was identified in a relevant proportion of women younger than 65 years without traditional risk factors, supporting an individualized approach to bone health assessment.
Josefina Rosmino, M. Pavlove, M. L. Brance et al.· EndoAr· 0 citations
Effective care in cases of male osteoporosis requires an integrated risk-based approach that extends beyond BMD to include clinical risk factors, secondary causes, and functional status, and improved recognition and sex-specific management strategies are essential to reduce the fracture burden and improve long-term outcomes in men.
Selin Tekin, A. Gürlek· Turkish Journal of Medical S...· 0 citations
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