Dinamika Spritualitas Santri melalui Pengamalan Ajaran Tarekat Naqsabandiyah di Pesantren Darulmuta'allimin Tanah Merah

Abstract

This study aims to describe the forms of practicing the teachings of the Naqshbandiyah Sufi order, analyze the dynamics of students’ spirituality, and identify supporting and inhibiting factors of spiritual development at Darul Muta’allimin Islamic Boarding School, Tanah Merah. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through non-participant observation, in-depth and semi-structured interviews, and documentation. Informants were selected purposively and included the pesantren leader or spiritual guide, teachers, active students practicing the order, and senior students or administrators. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The findings show that the practice of the order includes tawajjuh dhikr, khafi and jahr dhikr, talqin, bai’at, suluk, and the principle of khalwat dar anjuman. These practices are integrated into the pesantren’s spiritual development system. Spiritual dynamics appear cognitively through increased muraqabah awareness, affectively through tranquility, inner peace, fear of God, and self-reflection, and behaviorally through improved politeness, honesty, patience, emotional control, worship discipline, respect for teachers and parents, and social solidarity. Spiritual development varies among students depending on individual readiness, sincerity, discipline, and experience. Supporting factors include guidance from the mursyid, a religious environment, intrinsic motivation, and supporting facilities. Inhibiting factors include social media and digital entertainment, negative perceptions among some community members, laziness or spiritual fatigue, limited understanding of the purpose of practices, external environmental influences, and academic workload. The study indicates that Sufi-order practices in the pesantren context function as a process of habituation and internalization of spiritual values in students’ personal, social, and educational lives.