Electric vehicles (EVs) are increasingly regarded as a key component of low-carbon mobility and the sustainable energy transition. However, their large-scale deployment raises challenges that extend beyond vehicle technologies and require a system-level understanding of interactions with power networks, energy resources and users. This paper presents a critical review of the literature published since 2012, examining EV development from an integrated energy perspective that includes vehicle technologies, charging infrastructure, power electronics, grid integration, renewable energy coupling and environmental implications. A structured methodology is used to identify and analyze peer-reviewed studies, with particular emphasis on high-impact review articles that consolidate knowledge across disciplines. The analysis shows that, despite significant technological progress, large-scale EV deployment remains constrained by infrastructure limitations, distribution grid readiness, charging coordination strategies, material availability and socio-technical factors. Simulation-based studies play a central role in anticipating these impacts and informing deployment strategies before real-world implementation. Rather than addressing individual components in isolation, this review highlights interdependencies between technologies, control approaches and energy systems. Based on this synthesis, key research priorities and high-level challenges are identified, providing guidance for future research and policy aimed at enabling EVs to effectively support sustainable ambient energy and mobility systems worldwide deployment.
Energy planning is a growing challenge driven by the global push for decarbonization and the need to modernize aging power grids. This issue is particularly critical for islands, which often endure energy vulnerability and a high dependency on imported fossil fuels. While the electrification of transport is a popular option to reduce emissions, the integration of Electric Vehicles into weak island grids presents significant stability challenges due to the intermittent nature of renewable sources. This article provides a systematic bibliometric analysis to identify the advances made in bridging the gap between long-term energy balance and short-term dynamic stability in isolated systems. This paper analyzes islands’ stability needs and showcases smart charging systems, exploring their roles as distributed energy storage and as providers of ancillary services. First, the most relevant international scientific journals are identified to allow the subsequent selection and quantitative and qualitative analysis of articles dealing with EV-island stability pathways. A total of 7469 publications were screened, of which 284 articles were finally selected.
Alejandro Jiménez, José F. Medina, Pedro Cabrera· Applied Sciences· 0 citations
The ambitious roadmap for a sustainable transport system adopted by the European Commission (EC) by 2050 includes the deployment of an extensive Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCSs) infrastructure, which introduces significant challenges for distribution power grids. High power demand, particularly from fast-charging systems, may lead to network overloading and voltage unbalance. In addition, recent measurement campaigns highlight substantial changes in grid impedance and the emergence of resonance phenomena, together with the injection and propagation of high-frequency conducted disturbances. These effects extend over a wide frequency range, up to several hundreds of kHz, causing degradation, aging and malfunction of network assets, in particular Power Line Communications. This paper provides a comprehensive and updated review of the impact of EVCSs on electrical grids, covering power flow, power quality, stability, and impedance-related interactions. Particular attention is given to the role of power-electronic converters, high-frequency emissions, and the associated challenges in measurement and standardization. The analysis highlights that EVCS integration fundamentally alters the nature of electrical loads, requiring new approaches for grid planning, monitoring, and regulation. The study identifies key research gaps and outlines future directions to ensure the reliable and sustainable integration of electromobility into modern power systems.
Andrea Mariscotti, A. Gallarreta, Yljon Seferi et al.· Smart Cities· 0 citations
The rapid growth of Electric Vehicles (EVs) has accelerated the deployment of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCSs), making their integration into modern power systems increasingly important. While EVCSs support transportation electrification and global decarbonization goals, large-scale integration introduces technical challenges that affect power system operation, reliability, and planning. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the impact of EVCS integration on power system performance by examining charging technologies, charging stations, charging modes, and the principal components of EVCSs. The review discusses the effects of EV charging on load demand, peak load, voltage profile, voltage stability, active and reactive power losses, transformer loading, and overall grid performance. It further evaluates mitigation strategies, including smart charging, coordinated charging, Demand Response (DR), Renewable Energy Sources (RESs), Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs), Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology, and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based energy management. The application of Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), Reinforcement Learning (RL), and advanced optimization algorithms for charging coordination and demand forecasting is also reviewed. Finally, the paper identifies current research challenges and future directions related to charging uncertainty, renewable energy integration, cybersecurity, interoperability, and infrastructure development. The findings demonstrate that intelligent charging strategies combined with renewable energy integration, energy storage, V2G, and AI significantly improve the reliability, efficiency, resilience, and sustainability of future EV-integrated power systems.
M. Ntombela· World Electric Vehicle Journ...· 0 citations
Electric vehicles are rapidly reshaping global transportation, emerging as a central pillar of efforts to cut greenhouse gas emissions and end dependence on fossil fuels. This review provides a critical and integrative synthesis of recent advances in electric vehicle technologies, focusing on three interconnected domains: battery innovations, charging strategies, and grid integration. Progress in high-energy-density lithium-ion chemistries, emerging solid-state and sodium-ion batteries, and advanced battery management systems is examined with respect to their implications for driving range, safety, and lifecycle sustainability. Charging infrastructure developments, including fast and ultra-fast charging, wireless charging, and battery-swapping networks, are evaluated in terms of technical feasibility, grid impact, and user adoption. The evolving role of EVs in enhancing energy system flexibility is further analyzed through vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and smart grid interactions, with emphasis on control algorithms, grid stability, and renewable energy integration. By critically analyzing recent literature, this review identifies key technological, infrastructural, and system-level challenges, as well as emerging research directions that require coordinated optimization across domains. The insights presented aim to guide future research, technology development, and policy design toward the realization of a resilient, efficient, and scalable electric mobility ecosystem.
One of the most important steps in creating a sustainable society is electrifying the transportation industry. There will be a number of benefits, including lower oil use, lower emissions, and grid integration of renewable energy sources. To promote widespread EV adoption, electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) deployment is crucial because it will mitigate “range anxiety,” or the worry about how far an EV can go before its battery runs out. In order to reduce costs and emissions, this work will build an electric vehicle charging station that incorporates renewable distributed generation (DG). Standalone microgrid EVCS is examined in various scenarios where energy sources including solar power, wind, and diesel generators are taken into account to meet the EVCS’s needs. The model was developed using HOMER software with accurate input data representing its operational, economic, and physical characteristics. This study aims to design an optimal hybrid EVCS integrating renewable energy sources. The system is implemented using HOMER software and evaluated using techno-economic parameters such as net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE). The paper is organized as follows: Section 2 presents the site description, Section 3 explains the system configuration, Section 4 discusses results, and Section 5 concludes the study.
Santoshkumar Hampannavar, B. Deepa, G.E Amrutha et al.· E3S Web of Conferences· 0 citations
This article presents a comprehensive and critical review of power quality issues (PQIs) arising from the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into modern power grids, particularly under high penetration scenarios. As EV adoption accelerates globally—driven by decarbonization goals, government policies, and advances in battery and charging technologies—its impact on grid infrastructure has become a significant concern. The study systematically examines the power disturbances introduced by EV charging systems, differentiating between unidirectional grid-to-vehicle and bidirectional vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operations. Key PQIs such as harmonic distortion, voltage sags and swells, reactive power imbalance, frequency deviations and voltage unbalance are investigated for different charging levels (Level 1, Level 2, direct current fast charging), charger topologies and battery states of charge. We pay special attention to the compounding effects of high EV penetration, where stochastic and simultaneous charging behaviors worsen grid instability, transformer overloading, and communication interference. The review discusses conventional mitigation approaches such as passive and active harmonic filters, distribution static compensators, grid-supportive inverter topologies and other emerging solutions including smart charging algorithms, machine-learning-based predictive control, adaptive reactive power compensation and integration of renewable energy sources. The importance of bidirectional charging in providing ancillary services such as frequency control and peak shaving is highlighted, and new PQIs originating from dynamic switching of modes, supraharmonic generation and failures in communications in V2G are identified. A gap analysis identifies the need for dynamic grid models, secure communications protocols (ISO 15118, IEEE 2030.5) and technoeconomic assessment of the grid for large-scale implementation of EVs. The novelty of this review is that it adopts an integrated approach by considering all three aspects to evaluate the issues and opportunities associated with EV integration from a system-wide perspective. The present study offers important insights by exploring trends in current research, identifying gaps, and suggesting possible solutions.
Bhuvanesh Arun Ct, Wesley Jeevadason Aruldoss, T. Yuvaraj et al.· Energy Exploration & Exp...· 0 citations
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