This work forms the problem within a game theoretic framework and applies the Spatial Adaptive Play algorithm to obtain a handover efficient and load balanced solution and proposes a low complexity heuristic algorithm to achieve similar objectives with reduced computational overhead.
Abstract
The integration of Non Terrestrial Networks into 5G and beyond cellular systems has introduced a significant paradigm shift, enabling ubiquitous connectivity and extending services to previously unconnected and underserved remote regions. In particular, Low Earth Orbit satellites, operating close to the Earth surface, can provide communication latency comparable to that of terrestrial networks. However, due to their high mobility, LEO satellites trigger frequent handovers, which degrade users quality of experience and increase signaling overhead. In this work, our objective is to minimize the number of handovers in a LEO satellite system while preventing satellite overloading. We formulate the problem within a game theoretic framework and apply the Spatial Adaptive Play algorithm to obtain a handover efficient and load balanced solution. Additionally, we propose a low complexity heuristic algorithm to achieve similar objectives with reduced computational overhead.
Low Earth orbit mobile satellite system (LEO-MSS) is a major system that provides communication support for mobile terminals beyond the coverage of terrestrial communication systems. However, passive handover happens frequently, caused by the quick movement of LEO satellites, making it hard to guarantee quality of service (QoS) for handover users while maintaining a large number of users. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel soft handover scheme and combine it with uplink power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (PD-NOMA) for the first time to guarantee QoS for handover users and improve uplink throughput. We analyze the uplink PD-NOMA-based soft handover scheme with three users in two beams and give the closed-form expression of the optimal uplink transmission power allocation. Afterward, we introduce this method into a practical multi-beam LEO-MSS system with multiple users and sub-channels and formulate the optimization problems to maximize system throughput. Numerical results show that the proposed uplink PD-NOMA-based soft handover scheme provides much better performance on throughput and fairness for heavy loads.
Hu-Lin Li, Cong Huang, Zhong-Yu Yang et al.· Telecom· 0 citations
In the uplink, NR-DC outperforms satellite-only operation but remains below terrestrial-only performance, indicating that the benefit depends on traffic direction and transport behaviour, and an integrated terrestrial–LEO 5G network using a customised Simu5G framework.
G. Pradhan, Babu R. Dawadi· Discover Networks· 0 citations
A rolling-horizon migration-aware dynamic greedy control node placement algorithm (RH-MA-DGCNP) is proposed, which updates the CN placement and the affiliation between access-layer satellites and CNs at each reconfiguration epoch while jointly considering the handover delay and the migration delay caused by transferring control-affiliation states from previous serving CNs to new serving CNs.
Yang Liu, Wen Liu, Wenliang Lin et al.· Electronics· 0 citations
The deployment of Ultra-Dense Networks (UDNs) in 5G systems is to meet the growing demand for high data rates and massive connectivity. However, the dense deployment of small cells increases handover frequency, leading to challenges such as handover failures (HOF), unnecessary handovers, and the ping-pong effect, leading to degradeuser Quality of Service (QoS). This paper proposes a velocity-aware adaptive handover control approach for efficient mobility management in 5G ultra-dense networks. The proposed approach dynamically adjusts Handover Control Parameters (HCPs) called Time-to-Trigger (TTT) and Handover Margin (HOM) on the real-time velocity of User Equipment (UE) and signal conditions. The system is modeled as a two-tier heterogeneous network consisting of a macrocell overlaid with multiple small cells, and performance is evaluated using the Cost 231-Hata propagation model. The findings demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the total number of handovers, mitigates the ping-pong effect, and lowers handover failure rates compared to conventional static schemes. The results confirm that velocity-aware adaptive control enhances network reliability, reduces signaling overhead, and improves overall mobility performance in 5G ultra-dense environments.
Halah Hassen Aldumaini, Hanadi Esmeail Yahya, Oloof Ameen Mohmmed et al.· 2026 6th International Confe...· 0 citations
Low Earth orbit (LEO)-based non-terrestrial networks (NTN) are emerging as a key component of 6G systems, enabling seamless connectivity over wide geographical areas. However, in Earth-moving cell (EMC)-based NTN scenarios, rapid beam movement induces frequent cell boundary crossings, resulting in excessive handover operations and significant signaling overhead. This makes efficient mobility management a critical challenge. Recently, L1/L2-triggered mobility (LTM) and conditional LTM (C-LTM), specified in 3GPP Releases 18 and 19, respectively, have been proposed as advanced handover mechanisms to enhance mobility robustness. Despite their potential, their effectiveness in highly dynamic NTN environments has not yet been systematically evaluated. This paper presents a comprehensive system-level evaluation of 3GPP handover mechanisms in NTN, including baseline handover (BHO), conditional handover (CHO), LTM, and C-LTM. A dedicated simulator is developed to capture the unique characteristics of LEO satellite networks and realistic handover procedures under EMC conditions. The results show that schemes based on LTM and C-LTM significantly improve mobility robustness by reducing radio link failures and interruption time. However, these gains come at the cost of increased handover frequency and potentially increased signaling overhead associated with frequent mobility events and measurement reporting in EMC-based NTN environments. This reveals a fundamental tradeoff between mobility robustness and signaling efficiency. The findings provide quantitative insights into the performance of emerging 3GPP mobility solutions in NTN and offer practical guidelines for designing efficient handover strategies in highly dynamic 6G NTN environments.
Gyoungmin Been, Byung-Kwan Lim, Junsu Kim et al.· IEEE Access· 0 citations
— The increase in mobile data traffic in Fifth-Generation (5G) networks means that new handover management and content delivery solutions are needed to keep the network running smoothly and the user experience high. This paper introduces an innovative integration of Named Data Networking (NDN) into the 5G architecture, incorporating an Enhanced Popularity-Based Caching mechanism at the Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) layer of the 5G user plane. Our design is different from previous ones because it changes how content is replicated based on how mobile and dense the User Equipment (UE) and gNB are in real time. Using Python-based models, we ran a lot of simulations to compare baseline 5G, edge-caching, and full NDN configurations. The proposed solution had a Handover Success Rate (HSR) of over 90%, a Cache Hit RAtio (CHR) of between 78% and 80%, an average latency of about 20 ms, and a packet loss rate of less than 1.0% across a wide range of network scenarios. The NDN integrated architecture cuts latency by up to 35%, boosts throughput by 40%, makes fallback efficiency improved by 36.8%, and raises average HSR by 25 – 40%. All of these changes improve the Quality of Experience (QoE) in environments with a lot of movement. The research we conduct aims to facilitate seamless, scalable, and resilient content delivery for next-generation 5G edge networks.
Ade Nurhayati· Journal of Communications· 0 citations
We use cookies to run the site and, with your consent, for analytics and to show ads.
See our Cookie Policy.
