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Open access
Jul 2026
Effect of Herbicidal and Mechanical Weed Management on Weed Dynamics, Nutrient Depletion by Weeds, Growth and Yield of Urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]
Background: Urdbean (Vigna mungo L.) yields are heavily impacted by weed infestations, which compete aggressively for space, light, water and soil nutrients. To address this issue, a field study was executed to determine the impact of integrating herbicidal and mechanical weed management on weed parameters, crop growth, nutrient uptake through weeds and final grain output. Methods: During the Kharif season (2023), a field trial was executed in Kota, Rajasthan, to investigate how distinct mechanical and chemical weed control strategies alter weed proliferation, crop-weed nutrient competition and final urdbean yields. Utilizing a randomized block design with three replications, the study compared ten separate treatments consisting of individual and combination weed management techniques. Result: The experimental field was characterized by a diverse infestation of both narrow-leaved (grassy) and broad-leaved weed flora. Compared to the unweeded control plots, all evaluated weed management strategies significantly curtailed weed density and dry biomass accumulation. Concurrently, these interventions lowered weed-induced nutrient exhaustion across all growth stages of the crop. Among the tested regimes, manual weeding executed twice (at 20 and 40 DAS) demonstrated the highest efficacy in suppressing weed counts and dry matter, consequently minimizing the depletion of primary soil nutrients by weeds. Furthermore, this dual hand-weeding practice optimized weed control efficiency, culminating in significantly superior grain and stover yields. However, the performance of Fomesafen 11.1% + fluzaifop-p butyl 11.1% SL (Ready mix) @ 220 g a.i./ha remained statistically at par with this treatment.
C. Meena, Rajesh Kumar, Bharat Lal Meena et al.
· Legume Research An Internati... · 0 citations
Open access
Jul 2026
Synergistic Herbicide Applications Enhance Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Yield, Weed Suppression and Forage Quality
The livestock sector relies heavily on fodder crops, with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) being a prominent, high-nutritional-value legume in Southeast Asia. However, heavy weed infestation remains a major obstacle to quality production. This two-year study (2023–2024), evaluated the forage yield potential and nutritional quality of two alfalfa varieties (V1=Supersonic and V2=SGD-2002) under five weed control systems, including Weedy check (H0), Weed free (H1), Pendimethalin (H2), Flumetsulam (H3) and combination of both pre- and post-emergence application Pendimethalin + Flumetsulam (H4). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) across both seasons confirmed the highly significant effect of the herbicide factor on all yield and quality parameters, establishing weed control as the primary driver of productivity. The (H1) treatment consistently defined the biological maximum, achieving the highest fresh fodder yield (36.67 t ha-1) and superior quality (lowest Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) and Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF)). While, the (H0) resulted in severe yield loss, with minimum fresh fodder yield (12.15 t ha-1). Among the chemical applications, the (H4) was the most effective for production and suppression. This treatment consistently achieved the maximum fresh fodder yield (29.42 t ha-1) and the best weed control efficiency (up to 69%). However, the single application of (H2) performed best for nutritional quality, yielding maximum crude protein (20.33%) and lowest ADF among chemical controls. In conclusion, the (H4) combined herbicide strategy performed best overall, significantly suppressing weeds and maximizing crop productivity across both years, making it the most suitable chemical recommendation for high-yield alfalfa production.
M. Hayat, Muhammad Ahmad Butt, Umair Gull et al.
· Turkish Journal of Agricultu... · 0 citations
Jul 2026
Assessment of Herbicide and Sorgaab-Based Integrated Weed Management in Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) under Arid Agro-Climatic Conditions
Mungbean [Mungbean] is an important pulse crop widely cultivated in the arid and semi-arid regions of India because of its high nutritional value and ability to improve soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation. However, its productivity in Rajasthan remains low due to severe weed infestation during the early growth stages. Weeds compete with the crop for nutrients, moisture, light, and space, especially during the critical crop-weed competition period of 15–30 days after sowing (DAS), causing significant yield losses. Manual weeding is effective but labour-intensive and costly, while excessive herbicide use may create environmental and resistance problems. Therefore, integrated weed management (IWM) involving herbicides, hand weeding, and allelopathic approaches offers a sustainable solution. Sorghum water extract (sorgaab), containing allelochemicals such as phenolics and flavonoids, has shown potential in suppressing weeds. The present study was conducted to evaluate different integrated weed management practices in mungbean under western Rajasthan conditions. A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2024 at the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur, Rajasthan. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with ten treatments replicated three times. Treatments included combinations of herbicides, hand weeding, and sorgaab application. The mungbean variety GM-4 was sown following recommended agronomic practices. Observations on weed density, weed dry matter accumulation, weed control efficiency (WCE), weed index, and economics were recorded at different crop growth stages. The results revealed that integrated weed management practices significantly reduced weed density and weed dry matter accumulation compared to the weedy check. Among the dominant weeds, Digera arvensis, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, and Cyperus rotundus were effectively controlled by herbicide-based integrated treatments. Application of fluazifop-p-butyl 11.1% + fomesafen 11.1% SL @ 220 g ha⁻¹ at 20 DAS followed by hand weeding at 30 DAS (T₆) proved most effective and recorded the lowest weed density and weed dry matter accumulation at all growth stages. This treatment also achieved the highest weed control efficiency (97.11% at harvest) and the lowest weed index (6.04%), indicating minimum yield loss due to weeds. Treatments involving sodium-acifluorfen + clodinafop-propargyl and imazethapyr + imazamox integrated with hand weeding also performed effectively and remained statistically comparable. Sorgaab alone was comparatively less effective; however, its integration with hand weeding or herbicides improved weed suppression considerably. Economic analysis showed that the highest benefit-cost ratio (3.66) was obtained with fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen followed by hand weeding, followed by sodium-acifluorfen + clodinafop-propargyl + hand weeding (3.58). Thus, integrated use of herbicides with hand weeding proved to be the most effective and economical weed management strategy for mungbean cultivation under western Rajasthan conditions.
C. Meena, R. Sutaliya, Mahendra Junjariya et al.
· Journal of Eco-friendly Agri... · 0 citations
Open access
Jul 2026
Impact of crop establishment practices and herbicide sequencing on weed control, maize productivity, and soil microbial dynamics.
Maize (Zea mays L.) is a globally important cereal cultivated across diverse agro-ecological regions due to its remarkable phenotypic plasticity and the highest genetic yield potential. Being a wet season crop in South Asia, weeds always remain a big challenge in harnessing its full potential. A two-year study was conducted by keeping three crop establishment methods viz., raised bed + residue (RB + R), zero tillage + residue (ZT + R) and conventional tillage + residue (CT + R) in main plots and five herbicidal treatments; pyroxasulfone as pre-emergence (PRE), pyroxasulfone (PRE) fb tembotrione as post-emergence (PST), atrazine (PRE) fb tembotrione (PST), unweeded check (UWC) and weed free check (WFC) in sub-plots and were executed in a split-plot design with three replications. Results indicated that comparatively lesser weed population and weed dry matter accumulation of all the weed flora present in the field were noted on RB + R compared to ZT + R and CT + R systems. Similarly, higher growth and yield of maize crop was obtained under RB + R compared to ZT + R and CT + R. Among different weed control treatments, pyroxasulfone fb tembotrione resulted in a substantial decline in the populations of grassy, broad-leaved weeds, and sedges by 66.2%, 58.2% and 41.2%, respectively (2-year mean) compared to the UWC. Significantly higher weed control efficiency (80.1%), weed control index (77.2%) and lowest weed index (8.56%) was found with pyroxasulfone fb tembotrione compared to other herbicide treatments. Pyroxasulfone fb tembotrione recorded grain yield enhancement of 44.8% over UWC. Therefore, it can be concluded that application of pyroxasulfone fb tembotrione in maize crop with raised bed coupled with residues, enhances maize productivity owing to significant decline in weed growth.
Sunil Kumar, Ramanjit Kaur, T. K. Das et al.
· Scientific Reports · 0 citations
Open access
Sep 2026
Effect of Sowing Methods and Weed Management Practices on Crop Nutrient Uptake and Weed Nutrient Removal in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Field Experiments were conducted at Agronomy Research farm, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (Uttar Pradesh, India), during Kharif season of 2024 and 2025.The study was carried in a split plot design with 3 replications. In main plot 3 rice establishment methods and in sub plot 5 weed management practices were included. The results revealed that transplanting methods of sowing registered the highest nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium uptake by rice crop and lowest nutrient removal through weeds. Among weed management practices, maximum uptake by rice with respect to nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium and minimum removal by weed regarding N, P and K was recorded in treatment hand weeding at 15, 30, 45 and 60 DAS/DAT which was observed statistically at par with pre application of pendimethalin @ 1000 g a.i. ha-1 f/b brown manuring by bispyribac sodium @ 25 g a.i. ha-1 at 25 DAS/DAT. Among different weed management practices, combined application of pendimethalin @ 1000 g a.i. ha-1 f/b brown manuring by bispyribac sodium @ 25 g a.i. ha-1 or hand weeding 15, 30, 45 and 60 DAS/DAT was found effective in controlling weeds and increase in the quality and quantity of rice. Among the establishment method transplanting was found effective in increase in the yield, nutrient content of the crop and substantially reduction of nutrients removed by weed in rice field.
Mayank Mani Tripathi, A. Singh, Utkarsh Singh et al.
· Environment and Ecology · 0 citations
2026
Non-chemical weed management options for enhancing transplanted rice productivity and profitability
AbstractA field experiment was conducted during Navarai season (Jan–April 2024) at Annamalai University to evaluate the efficacy and identify non-chemical weed management options for enhancing the productivity of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with twelve treatments and three replications. The tested treatments include: hand weeding; cono-weeding; and incorporation of: rice residues (straw, husk, husk ash, bran), Azolla, and tree leaves (neem, pongamia, mango, sapota) in different combinations. Hand weeding twice at 15 and 35 days after transplanting (DAT) recorded the higher weed control efficiency (87.86%) and highest rice grain yield. Azolla 250 kg/ha applied 3 DAT followed by cono-weeding on 35 DAT was on par with hand weeding twice, in recording higher gross return, net return and B: C ratio.
K. Pooja, P. Anandan, S. Natarajan et al.
· Indian Journal of Weed Scien... · 0 citations