Jul 2026· Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia· Vol 4, pp. 45-52· 0 citations
Abstract
Abstract. Crimea is considered a region of successful intensive gardening with favorable conditions for growing fruit crops, including pears. The pear is one of the leading and most promising pome crops in the southern
region of the Russian Federation. Pears, with their high nutritional value, are in high demand. However, average
annual production only meets 10-16 % of demand. At the same time, the development of adaptive fruit growing
implies the cultivation of competitive varieties. As a result of many years of work, Crimean breeders have
identified and included 23 pear varieties, bred by the Crimean Experimental Horticultural Station and the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, in the state register of breeding achievements approved for use. Currently, the assortment of this crop requires the development of genotypes with a range of economic and biological traits: resistance to major diseases, winter and frost hardiness, and consistently high yields with fruits of excellent taste
and marketability. Therefore, the aim of the research was to study and identify new promising pear varieties.
As a result of many years of breeding work, patents were received in 2026 for new pear varieties: Aromat
Kryma (patent no. 14535 dated January 20, 2026) and Gloria (patent no. 14545 dated January 20, 2026). Pear
varieties selected for this complex of traits are recommended for use in breeding work and for cultivation in
intensive plantings in the south of the Russian Federation.
Keywords: pear, variety, fruit quality, yield, drought resistance, frost resistance, patent
Acknowledgements: The research was conducted under public assignment № FNNS 2025-0005.
Relevance.
The cultivation of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), as one of the economically significant crops, is associated with substantial difficulties. In this regard, breeding work aimed at developing new genotypes with high adaptive and reproductive potential, capable of ensuring stable productivity and forming seeds with high varietal and sowing qualities under the influence of adverse abiotic factors, is of paramount importance.
Methods.
The studies were conducted between 2023 and 2025 at the All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Vegetable and Melon Growing. The objects of the study were breeding lines of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). A comprehensive assessment of the material was performed, including the analysis of morphological characteristics of plants and fruits, yield indicators, biochemical composition, organoleptic evaluation, and calculation of the adaptability coefficient.
Results.
During the study, promising lines of sweet pepper were obtained and selected. The identified breeding lines significantly exceeded the standard variety in terms of morphological characteristics and key yield structure parameters. Five samples were selected with a yield of 36.7–50.1 t/ha, which surpasses the standard by 6.1–44.8%. These lines are characterized by attractive, elongated-conical fruits and serve as genetic donors for high and stable yields, as well as uniform fruit setting and ripening. The adaptability coefficient of the studied samples approached unity, indicating the high adaptability of the new lines. This confirms their high yield potential and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors typical of the Astrakhan region.
O. Kigashpaeva, A. V. Gulin, L. Lavrova et al.· Agrarian science· 0 citations
Manifestation of economically valuable characteristics of crop varieties is significantly influenced by the weather and climatic conditions of the cultivation region. The purpose of this study is to analyze variability of productivity and biochemical characteristics of Salvia sclarea cultivars selected by the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea in the Foothills of Crimea conditions. The study was conducted over a period of eight years (2018-2025) in the scientific crop rotation of the essential-oil crops breeding and seed production center at the Research Institute of Agriculture in Crimea located in the Foothills of Crimea in accordance with the developed methodological recommendations. The study used C785, Krymskiy Pozdniy, Taygan and Orfey cultivars. It was shown that the highest productivity can be expected under conditions of moderately high temperatures and sufficient rainfall during the growing season of two-year-old plants. Thus, in the most favorable conditions during the study period in 2022, the yield of inflorescences ranged from 227,5±14,2 to 292,9±11,3 c/ha and the potential yield of essential oil ranged from 59,5±0,9 to 77,3±13,9 kg/ha. The minimum and maximum values are provided for Orfei and Taigan cultivars respectively. The content of the essential oil main component (linalyl acetate) was also recorded for most cultivars in 2022-year conditions, reaching up to 66,3±0,4 % for the Orfei variety. As for sklareol, its maximum content in raw materials and potential yield were recorded in the extremely hot and dry conditions of 2025 year: 3,27±0,3 (Taigan) - 4,08±1,0 % (C 785) and 13,1±2,4 (Krymsky Pozdny) – 18,5±3,8 kg/ha (C 785) respectively. The main factor affecting formation of productivity and biochemical indicators in Salvia sclarea is weather conditions during active vegetation period of the plants in the second year of vegetation. The conditions of plant development in the first year of vegetation are also important for the formation of the main indicators. The information obtained will allow for the prediction of the main economically valuable indicators in specific conditions of Salvia sclarea growing.
N. S. Krivchik, N. Nevkrytaya, S. I. Krivda et al.· Journal of Biological Scienc...· 0 citations
As a result of global warming, the steppe zone of Ukraine is gradually increasing day and night temperatures, and there are sharp fluctuations in the amount of precipitation during the vegetation period of plants, which leads to different durations of droughts. Studies indicate that in the future the negative impact of environmental factors will increase. It is possible to counteract this by creating and introducing into production highly adaptive varieties that are well adapted to zonal cultivation technologies and are able to tolerate abiotic stresses with minimal yield losses. Our research is aimed at developing soybean varieties of this type. At the first stage, through field research from the world gene pool (more than 5000 genotypes), the most important sources of economically valuable traits were identified, which formed the basis of the core collection. Most of these genotypes came from the Far East of Russia, China, the USA, and Canada. The second stage of the research consisted in grouping the selected genotypes using the cluster analysis method to select parental components for crossing. Parental pairs were selected based on maturity, combinative ability, productivity, and genetic divergence. The success rate of manual crossings was about 1%. The use of genetic male sterility allowed an increase in the amount of hybrid forms by six times, which helped improve the efficiency of the breeding process of soybean. As a result of many years of work, more than 40 soybean varieties were created and entered into the state register of Ukraine, the yield of which under optimal conditions is at the level of 4 t/ha. The results obtained indicate the possibility of combining increased yield and a complex of adaptive traits through selection.
V. Sichkar, H. Lavrova, O. Molodchenkova· Object Constraint Language· 0 citations
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a strategically important crop for Russia, providing food security and foreign exchange earnings. One of the factors that reduce crop yields is the damage of plants by various types of pathogens. Barley smut is one of the most dangerous diseases of this crop and is widespread in almost all agricultural regions of Russia, especially in the Volga region, Siberia and Central region. To create new cultivars of barley and bring high-quality seeds to the market, the integration of molecular genetics into classical breeding is a key step. It is necessary to search for and map new genes for resistance to biotic factors and to screen existing genetic collections and breeding material extensively. The paper analyzes scientific publications by Russian and foreign researchers devoted to the use of molecular-genetic methods in the creation of barley cultivars resistant to loose (Ustilago nuda), covered (Ustilago hordei) and false loose (black) (Ustilago avenae (Pers.) Rostr.) smut mainly over the past 15 years. The possibilities and experience of using various PCR markers in marker-assisted breeding (MAS breeding) of disease-resistant cultivars are shown. A list of currently known genes, donor varieties, and DNA markers linked to genes and loci of barley resistance to loose, covered, and false loose (black) smut is presented. The prospects that open up with the introduction of molecular methods for modern breeding for barley resistance to head diseases are formulated.
A. Kharina, E. V. Dyagileva· Agricultural science Euro-No...· 0 citations
The long phenological development of the cereals determines the great variety of factors, which influence the vegetative growth and the formation of their productivity. A priority of the contemporary agricultural practices is the better balance between the agro ecological, biological and technological elements and the higher profitability of production, while limiting the unfavorable effects on the environment. In this relation, breeding is faced with the problem of developing cultivars which can efficiently utilize the nutrients from soil and at a later stage convert them into grain yield.
The aim of this investigation was to determine the productivity structure of new genotypes and perspective lines of winter malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), developed at Agricultural Institute - Karnobat and Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute - General Toshevo, as well as the correlation between grain yield and its components. The investigation was carried out during cropping seasons 2014 – 2016, which were very different with regard to the combination of meteorological factors. All investigated components of the formed shoot mass, which contributed to the realization of the biological yield potential of the malting barley cultivars, were influenced by the meteorological conditions of the respective year, by the specificity of the cultivar and by their interaction. It was found that the year conditions had determining role for the formation of the biological potential of the leaves, stems, spike and grain. The cultivar had a dominant role for the formation of the number of spikes per ha, the total shoot mass, 1000 kernel weight, the weight of the non-grain part of the spike and its percent from the weight of spike, respectively the weight of grain. By the grain yield formed, all tested materials exceeded the standard Kaskadyor 3. The exceeding varied from 9.02 % in cultivar Yaspis to 52.58 % in line 1015-127. Cultivars Asparuh, Deviniya and Ahat also had high mean productivity, exceeding the standard with 47.56 %, 45. 56% and 41.41%, respectively. High positive correlations were found between grain yield and spike yield, GHI, weight of grain per spike, weight of 1000 grain, NGPS and total mass. The investigated winter malting barley cultivars, regardless of their breeding location, possess high productivity potential and are suitable for growing in the region of Dobrudzha.
M. Nankova, Gallina M. Mihova, Genoveva Bankovaatanasova· Bulgarian Journal of Agricul...· 0 citations
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important vegetable crop valued for its nutritional quality, wide adaptability and economic significance. The present study was conducted to evaluate genetic variability, character association and genetic diversity among tomato accessions for yield and its contributing traits. The experiment was carried out during the spring-summer season of 2020 and 2021 at the experimental field of horticulture, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University. A total of 26 tomato accessions, comprising 6 repatriated genotypes and 20 hybrids developed through a full diallel mating design, were evaluated in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications and 15 quantitative and quality-related characters. Significant variation was found among the different germplasms for all characters. Yield and yield contributing characters showed high heritability along with genetic gain, indicating major role of these characters in expression of these characters. Yield per plant exhibited a strong and positive relationship with number of fruits per plant, fruit width, fruit length and mean fruit weight. Path coefficient analysis indicated that the number of fruits per plant and reducing sugar content exerted the highest positive direct influence on yield. Principal component analysis explained 81.70 % of the total variation through five components. Cluster analysis grouped accessions into two major clusters irrespective of geographic origin, indicating wide genetic diversity. Accessions T10 and F1022 were identified as the most divergent and may serve as promising parents for yield improvement in tomato breeding programs.
S. Vinit, K. Khushboo, T. Nikhil et al.· Plant Science Today· 0 citations
We use cookies to run the site and, with your consent, for analytics and to show ads.
See our Cookie Policy.
