Aug 2026· Plant Protection· 0 citations· 23 references
Abstract
Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a major maize pest requiring effective and environmentally sustainable management strategies. This study evaluated the efficacy of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, pheromone traps, and their integration under field conditions in Iraq. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were observed among treatments for larval density, plant infestation, and damage severity. The untreated control recorded the highest larval density (3.46 larvae plant-1), infestation (52.4%), and damage severity (2.86). In contrast, the combined application of B. bassiana + pheromone traps provided the greatest suppression, reducing larval density to 0.92 larvae plant-1 (73.4% reduction), infestation to 18.7% (64.3% reduction), and damage severity to 1.21 (57.7% reduction) relative to the control. Among individual treatments, B. bassiana was more effective than M. anisopliae, reducing larval density to 1.35 larvae plant-1, infestation to 24.5%, and damage severity to 1.48. Pheromone traps alone provided moderate suppression, with corresponding values of 2.14 larvae plant-1, 33.6%, and 1.94, respectively. The superior performance of the combined treatment was attributed to simultaneous suppression of larvae by fungal infection and adult males through pheromone trapping, although synergistic interaction was not statistically established. Overall, integrating entomopathogenic fungi with pheromone-based control showed strong potential for reducing S. frugiperda populations and maize damage while supporting sustainable integrated pest management under field conditions.
Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a maize pest whose management remains dependent on synthetic insecticides. This study compared three organophosphate insecticides against third-instar S. frugiperda larvae. Chlorpyrifos, profenofos, and diazinon were evaluated at 5%, 20%, 50%, 75%, and 95% of the maximum label dose using a factorial completely randomized design with three replications of six larvae. Mortality was recorded for 168 h and corrected using Abbott’s formula based on pooled control mortality. Insecticide formulation significantly affected mortality (F₂,₃₀ = 39.06, P < 0.001), whereas concentration (F₄,₃₀ = 0.57, P = 0.687) and the insecticide × concentration interaction (F₈,₃₀ = 1.62, P = 0.162) were not significant. Across concentrations, profenofos and diazinon caused mean mortalities of 90.4% and 93.2%, respectively, and both were more effective than chlorpyrifos, which caused 32.2% mortality. Exploratory probit analysis estimated LC₅₀ values of 2.01% for profenofos and 0.71% for diazinon, but both were below the lowest concentration and had wide confidence intervals. Chlorpyrifos LC values were not estimable because its concentration–mortality slope was negative and non-significant. At 95% of the label dose, profenofos reached 50% corrected mortality within 24 h and diazinon within 48 h, whereas chlorpyrifos did not reach this threshold within 168 h. Profenofos and diazinon showed comparably high efficacy and outperformed chlorpyrifos.
Najma Ayu Koeswari, J. E. Rumbiak, Andree Saylendra et al.· Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian· 0 citations
Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a destructive invasive pest that poses a serious threat to maize production, necessitating the development of sustainable management strategies. The present study evaluated the efficacy of integrating selective insecticides with Metarhizium anisopliae for the management of fall armyworm under field conditions. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in South Gujarat, India, during the Rabi 2025–26 season using novaluron 5.25 + emamectin benzoate 0.9 SC and thiamethoxam 12.60 + lambda-cyhalothrin 9.50 SC applied alone and in combination with M. anisopliae, along with M. anisopliae alone and an untreated control. Repeated-measures mixed-effects analysis revealed significant treatment effects on plant infestation, leaf damage, cob infestation and cob yield. Among the evaluated treatments, novaluron 5.25 + emamectin benzoate 0.9 SC integrated with M. anisopliae recorded the lowest plant infestation (32.92%), leaf damage score (2.70) and cob infestation (11.01%), and produced the highest cob yield (13.21 t ha⁻¹), representing a 40.53% increase over the untreated control. Although statistically comparable with novaluron 5.25 + emamectin benzoate 0.9 SC applied alone for most parameters, the integrated treatment consistently showed numerically superior performance. In contrast, M. anisopliae applied alone provided only moderate suppression of fall armyworm and lower yield protection than insecticide-based treatments. These findings demonstrate that integrating M. anisopliae with selective insecticides improves fall armyworm management and maize productivity, highlighting its potential as an effective component of integrated pest management (IPM) for sustainable maize production.
Nisarg Panchal, M. Siddhapara, V. M. Khimani et al.· Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoo...· 0 citations
The efficacy of selected chemicals, botanicals and biopesticides against fall armyworm (FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda) on fodder maize var. African Tall was conducted from 2019 to 2021 at five locations in India. The pooled data revealed that at 3 days after spraying, the FAW population was lowest (16.53% infestation of plants) in T1 treatment (Emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 5 ml/10 L of water), significantly superior to the rest of the treatments. In addition, the other best treatments were T2 (chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 20 ml/10 L; 26.36%) followed by T8 (Metarhizium rileyi (Nomuraea) 1.15% WP@ 75 g/10 L; 30.73%), T4 (M. anisopliae 1.15% WP @ 75 g/10 L; 31.30%), T6 (Beauveria bassiana 1.15% WP@ 75 g/10 L; 32.13%), and T5 (B. bassiana 1.15% WP@ 50 g/10 L; 32.96%). Moreover, a similar trend was observed at 7 and 10 days after spraying. The highest green fodder yield (GFY; 37.49 t/ha) was recorded in treatment T1 as compared to the control (22.42 t/ha). Likewise, T1 was the best economical treatment (BC ratio: 1:1.55), followed by T2 (BC ratio: 1:1.31) and T8 (BC ratio: 1:1.23).
Unknown authors· Range Management and Agrofor...· 0 citations
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a devastating pest of maize, and host plant resistance offers a sustainable alternative to chemical control. This study evaluated the resistance of the maize germplasm CH1 against FAW through life table parameters, feeding and oviposition preferences and greenhouse experiment. Results showed that FAW larvae reared on CH1 exhibited significantly prolonged larval development (21.61 d vs. 12.49 d), reduced survival (65.00% vs. 94.00%), and lower fecundity (689.00 vs. 1369.93 eggs per female) compared to those on the susceptible control Huang C. Population parameters, including the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and net reproductive rate (R0), were significantly lower on CH1. Behavioral assays revealed strong feeding and oviposition preferences for Huang C over CH1. Greenhouse experiment confirmed that CH1 plants sustained only minor damage (Davis scale grade 2, resistant), whereas Huang C plants were severely damaged (grade 7, susceptible). These findings demonstrate that CH1 possesses multi-dimensional resistance against FAW, providing a promising genetic resource for breeding FAW-resistant maize varieties and supporting sustainable pest management strategies.
Lingling Li, Peiying Li, Wen-Meng Li et al.· Insects· 0 citations
Data suggest that combining silicon-induced resistance with T. pretiosum biological control offers an effective and durable approach to controlling fall armyworm while improving maize performance.
K. Haider, Muhammad Sufian, Dilawar Abbas et al.· Journal of plant diseases an...· 0 citations
The present study highlights the potential of S. shori as a biological control agent against the larval and pupal stages of S. frugiperda and evaluates its efficacy against other economically important insect pests and under diverse environmental conditions to support its wider field application.
J. Patil, Aarthi Nekkanti, Omprakash Navik et al.· Frontiers in Plant Science· 0 citations
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