Aug 2026· Plants· Vol 15, pp. 2520· 0 citations· 73 references
Medicine
TL;DR
This review summarizes the research progress of the Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of L. corniculatus, focusing on key procedures such as explant selection, strain selection, infection and co-cultivation regimes, basal medium composition, phytohormone regulation, as well as bacteria elimination and transformant screening strategies.
Abstract
Lotus corniculatus is a superior leguminous forage with multiple values including forage, ecological, ornamental and medicinal uses. It is also an ideal material for plant bioreactors. As a core technical approach, genetic transformation overcomes the constraints of traditional breeding and facilitates the targeted improvement in stress resistance and agronomic traits in this species. This review summarizes the research progress of the Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of L. corniculatus, focusing on key procedures such as explant selection, strain selection, infection and co-cultivation regimes, basal medium composition, phytohormone regulation, as well as bacteria elimination and transformant screening strategies. We further elaborate on the applications of this transformation system in enhancing tolerance to abiotic stresses (salt, drought and heat), regulating quality-related traits, and developing plant-based vaccine bioreactors. Additionally, this paper critically discusses the major bottlenecks and challenges constraining existing genetic transformation systems in L. corniculatus, and evaluates the prospects for establishing high-efficiency and genetically stable transformation platforms. This review aims to provide theoretical foundations and technical references for germplasm innovation, molecular breeding and comprehensive utilization of L. corniculatus.
Solanaceous crops like tomato, brinjal, chilli and potato are vital for global food security. Traditional breeding methods face limitations, including being time-consuming, labour-intensive, and constrained by limited genetic diversity. In vitro and marker-assisted breeding techniques offer solutions to overcome these challenges. In vitro breeding includes embryo rescue, which helps in interspecific hybridization, and anther and microspore culture, which accelerates the production of homozygous plants. Protoplast fusion allows combining genetic material from incompatible species, while in vitro mutagenesis creates genetic variations through induced mutations. These techniques enable the use of wild relatives as sources of desirable traits, especially disease resistance. Marker-assisted breeding uses DNA markers linked to specific traits, enabling precise selection without the influence of environmental factors. Advances in genomics, particularly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have enhanced marker-assisted selection, improving resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, yield potential, and nutritional qualities. Specifically, in vitro techniques combined with marker-assisted breeding have shown synergistic effects. For instance, embryo rescue has been used to create hybrids between cultivated tomatoes and wild relatives with disease resistance genes. Anther culture facilitates rapid development of doubled haploid lines in eggplants. Protoplast fusion has enabled the transfer of disease resistance from wild species to cultivated eggplants. In vitro mutagenesis has induced drought tolerance in tomatoes. Marker-assisted selection is used to select disease resistance genes in tomatoes and to pyramid multiple resistance genes against late blight in potatoes. Marker-assisted backcrossing efficiently transfers specific genes while retaining the genetic background of the cultivated variety. Genomic selection uses genome-wide markers to predict the breeding value of individuals for complex traits like fruit quality in tomatoes and tuber yield in potatoes, enhancing genetic gain. These integrated approaches accelerate the development of improved solanaceous crop varieties with enhanced resilience and nutritional value.
Malathi D, Pallavi T. M., Virupakshi Khanapuri et al.· Genetics and Molecular Resea...· 0 citations
Evidence highlights the species’ value as a source of drought- and stress-adaptive traits for wheat improvement, plus promising cover crop traits (rapid establishment, stable biomass production and flexible germination behavior) and supports further investigation of Ae.
Micol Orengo, F. Guzzon, A. Corli et al.· Sustainability· 0 citations
: Sorghum is a heat-and drought-tolerant cereal crop used for feed and food purposes in more than 100 countries. Sorghum becomes highly important in conditions of climate warming. The use of genome editing technologies is of paramount importance for this crop, which has a number of constraints in key agronomic traits that are difficult for improvement using conventional breeding. Application of genome editing for sorghum is limited due to problems of genetic transformation; however, recent advances in this field have increased the efficiency of the genome editing procedure in sorghum. This review summarizes recent achievements in the field of sorghum genetic transformation and results of site-directed mutagenesis in this crop, such as obtaining mutants with increased kafirin digestibility, apomixis, resistance to Striga hermontica , modification of plant architecture and “stay-green” trait, fragrant leaves and seeds, and others. The review also discusses the biosafety of edited plants and outlines prospects for further work on the genetic improvement of sorghum using genome editing technologies, and its application in practical breeding.
L. Elkonin, G. A. Gerashchenkov· Phyton· 0 citations
ABSTRACT Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) is an important socioeconomic legume in northeastern Brazil, particularly among small- and medium-scale farmers. Despite its nutritional value and role in food security, crop yield is often compromised by diseases such as anthracnose. This study aimed to evaluate six groups of lima bean populations at the fifth generation (F5), derived from crosses between genotypes conserved in the P. lunatus Active Germplasm Bank at the Universidade Federal do Piauí, which differed in morphological traits and levels of anthracnose resistance. Populations were grown under field conditions and evaluated for agromorphological and phytopathological traits, including yield, seed morphology, and disease resistance. Statistical analyses were performed using restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction and likelihood ratio test methods with the aid of SELEGEN, R, and Genes software. Among the populations, significant phenotypic variability was observed. Population P6 was notable for its earliness, a desirable trait that contributes to disease escape; P2 and P4 showed white seed coats and commercially attractive seeds, whereas P4, P5, and P6 exhibited superior performance in pod, seed, and anthracnose resistance traits. The presence of BGP-UFPI 832 genotype in the most promising crosses suggests its potential to transmit favorable alleles. These results indicate that populations P4, P5, and P6 are potential candidates for breeding programs focused on developing higher-yielding, locally adapted, and anthracnose-resistant cultivars.
Kathully Karolaine Brito Torres, M. V. de Brito, João Vitor Morais Sousa et al.· Bragantia· 0 citations
Peas (Pisum sativum) is diploid in nature (2n = 2x = 14) and exceptionally self-pollinated crop which contributed towards its narrow genetic base. Breeding plays an important role in agriculture by ensuring food security. The most common traditional breeding techniques used in order to improve Pea has been the method of hybridization followed by pedigree, bulk and modified bulk selection. Among all the methods, the back cross method of breeding has been used to transfer the desirable traits from the wild species to cultivated varieties. Traditional breeding approaches have played a significant role in the genetic improvement of peas, resulting in the development of several cultivars in various segments; however, with the advent of genomics and molecular breeding techniques (marker-assisted selection, genomic selection and genome editing) its genetic base can be widened and speed up the genetic improvement/variety development process. It holds great promise in enhancing genetic improvement by facilitating the identification and selection of desirable traits, such as resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors, improved yield, and increased nutrient content, through the introduction of precise genetic modifications. By utilizing modern techniques in breeding programs, multiple stress tolerant and productive pea varieties can be developed.
Mudassar Iqbal, Sadia Sardar, Ghazanfar Hammad et al.· Jammu Kashmir Journal of Agr...· 0 citations
Rosa species, as one of the most economically and ornamentally valuable flower groups worldwide, not only occupy a core position in the horticultural industry but also possess long-term substantial value for breeding applications. However, their production systems rely heavily on disease management. The persistent threats of fungal diseases, including black spot, powdery mildew, and gray mold, have severely impaired the ornamental quality and commercial value of rose plants, constituting a major constraint on the stable development of the rose industry. Compared with conventional hybrid breeding, molecular breeding allows targeted modification of specific heritable traits and plays a pivotal role in the development of disease-resistant rose cultivars. In recent years, with the rapid advancement of genomics, transcriptomics, and functional genomics, a growing number of gene resources and regulatory mechanisms associated with disease resistance in Rosa species have been progressively elucidated. This review systematically summarizes the pathogen characteristics, disease symptoms, and damage patterns of major fungal diseases affecting Rosa species, with a particular focus on research progress in disease-resistance-related transcription factors (e.g., WRKY, MYB, and bZIP), resistance genes (e.g., Rdr, MLO, and CPR), and key gene families identified from Rosa chinensis and Rosa hybrida materials. In addition, by integrating research evidence from model plants and major crops, this review comparatively analyzes the functional evolution of different regulatory factors and their underlying disease resistance mechanisms, thereby improving the understanding of the molecular regulatory network governing disease resistance in Rosa species. Furthermore, this review outlines the current applications and future potential of emerging molecular breeding technologies, such as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9), in the functional dissection of resistance genes and precise genetic improvement of roses. By systematically synthesizing major research achievements in the disease resistance of Rosa species, this review summarizes the current progress and existing challenges in relevant research and proposes future research directions for resistance gene mining, molecular regulatory network elucidation, and molecular design breeding. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of disease resistance and the breeding of new highly resistant cultivars of Rosa species.
Xu-Dong Zheng, Shu-Yue Cheng, Xue-Duo Li et al.· PeerJ· 0 citations
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