The paradox of readiness: Exploring the fractured digital identities of Karang Taruna in economic empowerment

Abstract

Digital transformation has become increasingly important for non-profit organizations; however, digital readiness models remain largely oriented toward corporate contexts and rarely address the unique characteristics of volunteer-based youth organizations in developing countries. This study aims to evaluate the digital readiness of members of Karang Taruna Alfatih Young Community (AYC) in Kebalen Village, Indonesia, and to develop a context-specific digital readiness model that supports community and rural economic empowerment. A qualitative case study approach was employed using Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis based on the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The findings reveal that although informants demonstrated adequate operational digital literacy and high perceived usefulness of digital technologies, substantial gaps remained in creative digital literacy, digital financial literacy, cybersecurity awareness, and data management skills. Digital readiness was further influenced by organizational and psychological factors, including self-efficacy, communication confidence, collaborative culture, and digital leadership, while financial constraints, skill inequality, limited infrastructure, and management perception gaps emerged as major barriers to digital transformation. Based on these findings, the study proposes a Context-Specific Digital Readiness Model (CDRM) consisting of five interconnected dimensions: Digital Foundations, Technology Acceptance, Organizational and Psychological Readiness, Digital Capability, and Digital Empowerment Outcomes. Rather than replacing established technology acceptance perspectives, CDRM incorporates TAM as an explanatory component within a broader context-sensitive framework. The model conceptualizes digital readiness as a dynamic and socially mediated organizational capability shaped by technological, psychological, organizational, and socio-economic conditions. The study contributes to Development and Organizational Communication by demonstrating that technological access and acceptance do not automatically produce meaningful digital transformation, particularly within volunteer-based rural organizations.