Improving the economic security of forestry enterprises based on an assessment of the effectiveness of harvester-forwarder complexes in the context of import substitution of the fleet of specialized equipment

Abstract

The article substantiates an approach to improving the economic security of forest industry enterprises based on assessing the operational and economic efficiency of harvester-forwarder complexes under conditions of restricted foreign equipment supplies. The dynamics of the forestry complex machinery park structure for 2020–2025 are analyzed, and their relationship with the key threats to the economic security of logging enterprises is established. The study substantiates that the displacement of foreign harvesters and forwarders occurs alongside a decline in gross timber harvesting volumes. A lag in the actual production volumes of Russian complexes compared to the declared production plans is recorded as a factor of the industry's technological dependence. The application of the analytic hierarchy process proved the dominance of the total cost of ownership criterion over maintenance availability and the level of component localization when selecting machinery that reduces enterprises' economic security risks. An organizational and economic mechanism for improving economic security is designed, integrating direct support tools, preferential leasing, tax incentives, and the operation of electronic trading platforms (B2G/B2B). The implementation of the proposed system of measures reduces the risks of equipment downtime and distributes the transaction costs of loggers between basic suppliers and participants of new service contracts, increasing the resilience of forest industry enterprises to external threats.