Systemic Biomarker Changes After Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Young Adults With Stage III/IV Grade C Periodontitis.

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) on systemic inflammatory phenotype and lipid profiles in young adults with severe (Stage III-IV/Grade C) periodontitis.

Methods

Thirty systemically healthy patients with severe periodontitis and 20 healthy controls were recruited in this prospective, parallel-group controlled study. Periodontal parameters and systemic biomarkers, including inflammatory, endothelial, and lipid biomarkers, were evaluated at baseline and re-measured at 2 and 6 months post-NSPT.

Results

Significant reductions in periodontal parameters were observed after 2 months and remained stable over 6 months (p < 0.001), while bleeding, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment levels remained significantly higher in the periodontitis patients compared to the healthy group (p < 0.05). Circulating hs-CRP, triglycerides, vWf, IL-6, IL-1ra, tPA, sTNFRII, and albumin were significantly higher while HDL cholesterol was significantly lower in periodontitis patients at baseline compared to the healthy controls (p < 0.05). hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-1ra, sTNFRI, and tPA significantly decreased; HDL cholesterol significantly increased after NSPT (p < 0.05). HDL cholesterol, vWf, IL-6, and sTNFRII levels remained significantly different from those of the healthy group at 6 months (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

NSPT improved periodontal status; however, systemic biomarkers did not uniformly return to health reference levels, indicating a need for a more comprehensive medical approach.