Study of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Relation to HbA1c and Duration in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
TL;DR
Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction is strongly associated with HbA1c level and duration of T2DM, and correlates significantly with age, fasting blood glucose, and lipid parameters.
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus affects multiple organ systems, including the heart, kidneys, and peripheral nerves. Diabetic cardiomyopathy — myocardial dysfunction occurring independently of ischemic, valvular, or hypertensive heart disease — often manifests first as left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), preceding any decline in systolic function. Data correlating LVDD with glycemic control remain limited. Objective: To determine the proportion of diastolic dysfunction among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to correlate LVDD with HbA1c levels and duration of disease. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 100 patients with T2DM of at least 5 years duration, recruited at Ramaiah Medical College and Hospital. All patients underwent Doppler echocardiography and HbA1c estimation. Results: LVDD was present in 58 of 100 patients (58%). Prevalence was highest among patients with HbA1c 8.1–9.5% and was most frequent in patients with 6–12 years of diabetes duration. Mean fasting blood sugar was higher among patients with LVDD than those without. Conclusion: LVDD is strongly associated with HbA1c level and duration of T2DM, and correlates significantly with age, fasting blood glucose, and lipid parameters. Routine echocardiographic screening for LVDD is recommended in patients with long-standing or poorly controlled T2DM. Keywords: Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction - HbA1c (Glycosylated Hemoglobin) - Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus