Photocatalytic TiO2-NPK composite foliar fertilizer for improved biomass accumulation, nutrient status and physiological performance in Jasminum sambac L. and Gossypium hirsutum L.

Abstract

Conventional soil-based fertilizer applications often suffer from low nutrient use efficiency, which limits plant growth and productivity. To address this limitation, a novel starch-supported, citric acid-stabilized photocatalytic composite was developed...