William GueyRashik JahangirPierrick BougaultVitor D. de MouraWei ZhangJos\'e O. Gomes
Oct 2026
Artificial IntelligenceCybersecurity
Abstract
When an assistant encounters a message for another AI, does it tell its user? Four fixed model-provider deployments perform simulated source tasks in 1,280 ordinary-note and 128 enhanced-note sessions. Harmless and harmful messages have matched plaintext and ROT13 versions, with no-message controls. Observers receive no decoder or decoded meaning; a requested reference code incentivizes inspection. Asking for reports increases rule-detected notifications identifying another AI as recipient by 53.1 percentage points for harmless ROT13 messages and 54.7 for harmful ones. This is a joint inspection, recognition, and notification effect; missing-response bounds are 38.3--77.3 and 36.7--78.1 points. Model-based trace checks identify eleven ordinary plaintext cases where agents interpret the message but do not notify their user. Seven encoded omissions are verified with enhanced notes; ordinary encoded omissions remain unverified. Seven simulated filename disclosures coexist with accurate review-status answers, and two answers use a planted false count. Interpretation, notification, and authorized task performance are distinct outcomes.
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