For $\alpha \in \mathbb{C}$, let $\mathbb{N}_0[\alpha]$ be the subsemiring of~$\mathbb{C}$ obtained as a homomorphic image of the $\alpha$-evaluation map $\mathbb{N}_0[x] \to \mathbb{C}$ defined as $p(x) \mapsto p(\alpha)$ for each polynomial $p(x) \in \mathbb{N}_0[x]$. Fundamental arithmetic and atomic aspects of the additive structure of $\mathbb{N}_0[\alpha]$ were first studied by the second author and Correa-Morris (2022). In this paper, we continue the investigation, now from the valuation-theoretic perspective. We show that for any algebraic number $\alpha$, the additive monoid of $\mathbb{N}_0[\alpha]$ contains no additive irreducibles if and only if it is isomorphic to the direct product of finitely many isomorphic valuation monoids (monoids whose principal ideals form a chain under inclusion). For any algebraic number $\alpha \in (0,1)$, these valuation monoids are precisely those where $\alpha^{-1}$ is a Perron number having no positive conjugates other than itself. In addition, we offer a description of the algebraic parameters $\alpha$ for which the additive structure of $\mathbb{N}_0[\alpha]$ is a valuation monoid. Finally, we argue that the subset of $(0,1)$ consisting of all algebraic parameters $\alpha$ such that the additive structure of $\mathbb{N}_0[\alpha]$ is a valuation monoid is dense in $(0,1)$.
Given a collection of algebraic numbers $\mathcal{S}\subset \overline{\mathbb{Q}}$ we study the varieties $V$ in $\mathbb{A}^m_\mathbb{C}$ such that $V(\mathbb{C})\cap\mathcal{S}^m$ is Zariski-dense in $V$. We show that for many classical families of algebraic numbers $\mathcal{S}$---such as the family of roots of generalized Laguerre polynomials $L_n^{(\alpha)}(x)$, for a finite collection of $\alpha\in \mathbb{Q}$---an unlikely intersections theorem holds. For example, in the case $m=2$, we prove that an irreducible curve in $\mathbb{A}^2_\mathbb{C}$ has infinitely many points from $\mathcal{S}^2$ if and only if it is of the form $x_1=x_2,$ or $x_1=s$, or $x_2=s$ for a fixed $s \in \mathcal{S}$. This is an analogue of the classical theorems of Ihara, Serre, and Tate, treating the case of $\mathcal{S}$ consisting of the roots of unity, and of the Manin--Mumford conjecture. We also show that a similar result holds almost surely for roots of a collection of random polynomials of growing degree and bounded height. The proofs rely on a uniform Galois-theoretic criterion ensuring the unlikely intersection property.
Let $F$ and $E$ be finite extensions of $\mathbb Q_p$, let $\mathbb G$ be a reductive group over $F$, and put $G=\mathbb G(F)$. Let $V$ be a locally algebraic representation of the form $V=\pi_{\mathrm{sm}}\otimes_E\sigma_{\mathrm{alg}}$, where $\pi_{\mathrm{sm}}$ is smooth admissible and $\sigma_{\mathrm{alg}}$ is finite-dimensional algebraic. We study the extended Goldman--Iwahori distance on the set of non-Archimedean norms on $V$. After fixing a reference norm $\alpha_0$, its finite-distance component $\mathscr N_{\alpha_0}(V)$ is the bounded projective limit of the extended Bruhat--Tits buildings attached to $V_K=\pi_{\mathrm{sm}}^K\otimes_E\sigma_{\mathrm{alg}}$. It is complete for the resulting uniform sup metric; this metric is of $\ell^\infty$ type and is generally not CAT(0). We prove directly that a $G$-orbit in $\mathscr N_{\alpha_0}(V)$ is bounded if and only if this component contains a $G$-invariant norm. The invariant norm is the pointwise supremum of the orbit. We formulate an integral group-algebra and type-Hecke condition necessary for an invariant norm. For $G=GL_n(F)$ we specialise to $V=\operatorname{BS}(r)=\pi_{\mathrm{gen}}(r)\otimes_E \pi_{\mathrm{alg}}(r)$.
Let $K$ be a number field and $S$ a finite set of non-archimedean places. Write $\mathcal{O}_S$ for the ring of $S$-integers of $K$ and $\mathcal{O}_S^\times$ for its unit group. Let $\pi : X \rightarrow \mathbb{P}^1$ be a morphism of (irreducible) curves defined over $K$, and denote by $\operatorname{Red}(\pi)$ the set of $\alpha \in \mathbb{P}^1(K)$ such that the fibre $\pi^{-1}(\alpha)$ is reducible (i.e. the Galois action on the fibre is intransitive). Hilbert's Irreducibility Theorem asserts that $\operatorname{Red}(\pi)$ is contained in a thin subset of $\mathbb{P}^1(K)$. In this paper we give an explicit description of $\mathcal{O}_S^\times \cap \operatorname{Red}(\pi)$. As an application we prove the following result inspired by a classical theorem of P\'{o}lya and Siegel. Let $p_1,\dotsc,p_s$ be rational primes. Let $f \in \mathbb{Q}[x]$.Then the following are equivalent: - There are infinitely many tuples $(e_1,\dotsc,e_s) \in \mathbb{N}^s$ such that the polynomial $f(x)-p_1^{e_1} \cdots p_s^{e_s}$ is reducible. - $f=p_1^{a_1} \cdots p_s^{a_s} g^\ell$ (with $\ell$ prime) or $f=-4 p_1^{a_1} \cdots p_s^{a_s} g^4$ for some $g \in \mathbb{Q}[x]$ and some integers $a_1,\dotsc,a_s$.
Let $\mu$ be a log-concave probability measure on $\mathbb R^n$ and let $f\colon\mathbb R^n\to\mathbb R^k$ be a polynomial mapping of degree at most $d$. We show that \[ \mu(f\in A) \le C\bigl(\lambda_k(A)\bigr)^{\frac{1}{k(d-1)+1}} \] for every Borel set $A\subset\mathbb R^k$ whenever the image measure $\mu\circ f^{-1}$ is absolutely continuous. The constant $C$ is independent of the dimension $n$, and the exponent $\frac{1}{k(d-1)+1}$ is sharp. This extends the scalar Carbery--Wright inequality and answers, in the log-concave setting, a question raised by Avni, Glazer, and Larsen. In addition, we show that the density of $\mu\circ f^{-1}$, whenever it exists, belongs to the Nikolskii--Besov space $B^{\frac{1}{k(d-1)+1}}_{1,\infty}(\mathbb R^k)$, with a dimension-free bound for the corresponding norm. A central difficulty in passing from scalar polynomials to vector-valued polynomial mappings is the lack of a suitable nondegeneracy parameter quantifying absolute continuity of $\mu\circ f^{-1}$, as the variance does in the scalar case. Natural candidates such as the covariance matrix or the Jacobian matrix either fail to characterize this property or do not lead to dimension-free estimates. We identify such a parameter and define it to be the covariance matrix of the vector formed by the monomials of degree up to $d^{k-1}$ in the normalized components of $f$. The dimension-free nature of our results allows us to extend Kusuoka's absolute continuity criterion for Gaussian polynomial random vectors to the log-concave setting. Moreover, in this setting, we obtain estimates relating convergence in distribution to convergence in total variation for polynomial random vectors.
Let $\delta\in\mathbb{F}_{2^n}$ satisfy $\operatorname{Tr}_{\mathbb{F}_{2^n}/\mathbb{F}_2}(\delta)=1$. We study the permutation behavior of $$ f(x) = \left(\frac{1}{x^2+x+\delta}\right)^{2^k}+x $$ over $\mathbb{F}_{2^n}$. Helleseth and Zinoviev proved that $f(x)$ is a permutation for $k=0,1$, and remarked that numerical evidence suggests that no other cases occur. In this paper, we confirm their assertion by proving that, for $0\leq k<n$, $f(x)$ is a permutation of $\mathbb{F}_{2^n}$ if and only if $k=0$ or $k=1$.
For a real transcendental number $\xi$, let $\omega_n^*(\xi)$ denote the supremum of all $\omega$ for which there exist infinitely many real algebraic numbers $\alpha$ of degree $\leq n$ satisfying $|\xi-\alpha|\leq H(\alpha)^{-\omega -1}$, where $H(\alpha)$ is the naive height of the minimal polynomial of $\alpha$. A celebrated result of Wirsing gives the uniform lower bound $\omega_n^*(\xi)\geq\frac{n+1}{2}$, which was improved significantly in a recent work of Po\"els to $\frac{n}{2-\log 2}$. In this paper, we establish a $p$-adic counterpart of Po\"els's result. Let $p$ be a prime and $\xi\in\Qp$ be transcendental. Let $\omega_{n,p}^*(\xi)$ be the supremum of all real numbers $\omega$ for which there exist infinitely many algebraic numbers $\alpha \in \Qp$ of degree $\leq n$ such that $|\xi-\alpha|_p\leq H(\alpha)^{-\omega -1}$. We show that $\omega^*_{n,p}(\xi)\geq\frac{n}{2-\log 2}-1$. This improves the known lower bounds in the $p$-adic setting, namely the analogue of Wirsing's theorem, due to Morrison and Teuli\'e.
A. Dixit· 0 citations
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