Simulation-Based Evaluation of Battery Charging and Swapping Station Deployment Strategies in a Hyperconnected Logistic Hub

Abstract

The transition to net-zero emissions in freight transportation is essential for reducing the environmental impact of logistic operations. This paper addresses the design and evaluation of various deployment plans for battery swapping and charging stations at existing logistics facilities. These deployments aim to ensure that electric trucks can operate efficiently within the freight system.  We explore several configurations for battery charging infrastructure, including fixed charging stations at docks and parking areas, as well as movable charging stations. In addition, we develop various decision-making policies, such as (1) when to swap or charge batteries, (2) truck-to-dock assignments, and (3) truck-to-charging station assignments. A simulation-based approach is used to assess the performance of these configurations and policies. The evaluation focuses on system efficiency, operational costs, environmental impact, and the ability to meet energy demands. The findings provide insights into optimizing charging infrastructure deployment to support the transition towards sustainable fleet operations. Future research could include simulation optimization to further refine deployment strategies.