A transmission-reflection-integrated coding metasurface with full-space multiplexing and multiple topological charges

Abstract

Achieving multifunctional electromagnetic wave manipulation in full-space represents a long-standing scientific challenge. Conventional metasurfaces typically enable the manipulation of electromagnetic waves in the half-space and lack the capability to engineer multidirectional waves in full-space, resulting in low spatial utilization. To address this issue, we propose a transmission-reflection-integrated metasurface with full-space electromagnetic wave manipulation capability. The designed single-layer configuration enables simultaneous regulation of electromagnetic waves over the full-space. It not only improves the spatial utilization of the metasurface but also maintains uniform phase for structured beams with different topological charges. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate that high-quality Gaussian beams with various topological charges can be achieved in both transmission and reflection spaces at 11.5 GHz. The proposed method can further enhance channel capacity and spatial utilization, offering significant importance for high-capacity wireless communication, holographic imaging, and other related applications.