From smoke to science: A bibliometric insight into the effect of smoking on periodontal health

Abstract

AbstractIntroduction and Objective: This study aimed to provide a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global scientific literature on the impact of smoking on periodontal health, with a focus on thematic evolution, influential authors, and emerging research trends. Understanding these trends can inform clinical guidelines and public health strategies targeting tobacco-related periodontal conditions.Materials and Methods: A total of 844 original research articles published between 1980 and 2024 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Science mapping was performed using SciMAT software based on co-word analysis. The research timeline was divided into three periods (1990–2009, 2010–2016, and 2017–2024). Strategic diagrams, thematic networks, and evolution maps were generated to identify dominant and emerging themes.Results: A significant increase in publications was observed after 1996, peaking in 2022. “Smoking” remained the most prominent motor theme across all periods, while “smoking cessation” and “nicotine dependence” emerged as key subtopics in recent years. The United States, India, and Brazil were the leading contributors to the literature. Highly cited publications primarily addressed smoking as a major risk factor for periodontitis, its biological mechanisms, and clinical implications. Thematic shifts reflected a transition from locally focused clinical perspectives to broader systemic and public health-oriented discourse.Conclusion: This study highlights the sustained academic interest in the relationship between smoking and periodontal diseases. The increasing focus on cessation and addiction aligns with global tobacco control efforts, thereby deepening the understanding of the evolving research landscape and informing both clinical practice and public health strategies.1. Donthu N, Kumar S, Mukherjee D, Pandey N, Lim WM. How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research. 2021;133:285–296.2. Johnson GK, Hill M. Cigarette smoking and the periodontal patient. Journal of Periodontology. 2004;75(2):196–209.3. Warnakulasuriya S, Dietrich T, Bornstein MM, et al. Oral health risks of tobacco use and effects of cessation. International Dental Journal. 2010;60(1):7–30.