We investigate an invisible lepton-flavor-violating scalar $\phi$ with exclusive $e-\mu$ couplings and study its resonant production via $\mu^+e^-\to\phi$ in fixed-target experiments. Since the effective center-of-mass energy is determined by the momentum of the initial-state bound electrons, atomic effects can significantly affect the resonance behavior. We therefore employ relativistic bound-state electron wave functions to calculate the production cross section and reveal a material-dependent broadening of the resonance lineshape. For the proposed HIAF experiment, fewer than one day of data taking ($6\times10^{10}$ MOT) can probe couplings at the $10^{-5}$ level at 90\% confidence level near resonance, demonstrating that high-intensity muon fixed-target experiments provide a powerful complementary probe of lepton-flavor violation.
Purely leptonic bound states provide precision probes of QED. Positronium $(e^+e^-)$ and muonium $(\mu^+e^-)$ have long been observed, whereas dimuonium $(\mu^+\mu^-)$ and tauonium $(\tau^+\tau^-)$ remain undiscovered. We study exclusive vector-leptonium electroproduction in $ep$ collisions within nonrelativistic QED. We include the Bethe--Heitler and double deeply virtual Compton scattering contributions and their interference, and calculate the NLO QCD hard-scattering kernels entering the dominant Compton form factor $\Hcal$ within collinear GPD factorization. The NLO QCD correction to the DDVCS contribution changes from a strong suppression at low photon virtuality to a sizable enhancement as the lower virtuality cut is raised, with the gluon channel providing the dominant contribution. Bethe--Heitler production dominates the exclusive rate, supporting dedicated dimuonium searches at the EIC and JLab, with larger samples expected at higher-energy electron--proton colliders. The much larger positronium samples provide a high-statistics environment for precision QED studies, whereas tauonium production remains strongly suppressed.
Hao K. Deng, Qi-Ming Feng, Qi-Wei Hu et al.· 0 citations
We investigate the sensitivity of a same-sign $\mu^+\mu^+$ collider to doubly charged scalars in the Type-II seesaw framework, focusing on the regime in which the doubly charged scalar decays dominantly into same-sign $W$-boson pairs. Motivated by the $\mu$TRISTAN proposal, for a benchmark we consider a degenerate triplet spectrum at a center-of-mass energy of $2~{\rm TeV}$ and an integrated luminosity of $1~{\rm ab}^{-1}$. The signal process is studied in the fully hadronic $W$-decay mode, leading to a characteristic $\mu^+\mu^+ + 8j$ final state. We develop a cut-based analysis based on high jet multiplicity and global hadronic $W$ reconstruction, and then improve its sensitivity with a multivariate strategy exploiting reconstructed $W$ observables, global event kinematics, multi-boson variables and spectator-muon information. The best-performing setup reaches a $2\sigma$ sensitivity level for doubly charged scalar masses up to $425-430~{\rm GeV}$, extending the cut-based reach by a few tens of GeV. This indicates an improvement over the current LHC coverage, while also providing an independent probe based on a qualitatively different production mode and collider environment.
Mariana Frank, B. Fuks, Chayan Majumdar et al.· 0 citations
We investigate the potential of high-intensity muon experiments such as MEG~II and Mu3e to uncover dark matter (DM) through the lepton-flavor-violating decay $\mu^+\to e^+\chi\bar\chi$. We describe the underlying interactions in terms of dimension-six four-fermion operators and systematically explore all allowed Lorentz structures. We show that precision measurements of the Michel spectrum can probe new-physics scales of ${\cal O}({\rm TeV})$ for DM masses above approximately $1~{\rm MeV}$. For lighter DM, whose signal is confined close to the Michel endpoint, the radiative decay $\mu^+\to e^+\chi\bar\chi\gamma$ at MEG~II opens a complementary window, with sensitivity comparable to and, in some regions, stronger than that of the non-radiative channel. Remarkably, for reheating temperatures below the tens-of-MeV scale but above the BBN bound, MEG~II and Mu3e can probe regions in which freeze-in through the very same LFV interactions accounts for the observed DM abundance.
D. Barducci, G. Marino, P. Panci et al.· 0 citations
We investigate the sensitivity of DUNE-like facilities to flavor-changing neutral-current interactions between down and strange quarks through inclusive deep-inelastic neutrino scattering. In the framework of a general low-energy effective Lagrangian for Dirac and Majorana neutrinos, we evaluate projected sensitivities for CP- and $\tau$-optimized beam configurations. The strongest bounds on the dimensionless Wilson coefficients, defined relative to the Fermi constant $G_F$, reach $\mathcal{O}(10^{-3})\text{--}\mathcal{O}(10^{-2})$ at the near detector, whereas far-detector limits are roughly one order of magnitude weaker. When systematic uncertainties are included, the near-detector sensitivity is dominated by the background-rate uncertainty, while the far-detector sensitivity is limited primarily by the signal-rate uncertainty. At the far detector, the dependence of the projected bounds on the neutrino mass ordering and the Dirac CP-violating phase $\delta_{\mathrm{CP}}$ is largely confined to coefficients involving the electron flavor.
Xin-Shuai Yan, Miao Liu, Qin Chang et al.· 0 citations
We construct a non-relativistic Lagrangian that describes muon-proton electroweak interactions. We determine the leading order coefficients by matching onto the theory with non-relativistic nucleons and relativistic leptons. The most impactful $\mathcal{O}(\alpha)$ corrections to those coefficients are determined by matching the non-relativistic amplitudes for capture of a free muon on a proton to the corresponding relativistic one. We use our non-relativistic effective field theory framework to calculate the capture rate in muonic hydrogen, thereby including radiative corrections of order $\alpha$ and up to order $1/m_\mu$. Using results for the Fermi coupling previously derived in EFT, we obtain singlet and triplet capture rates of $\Gamma({}^1 S_0) = 724.07 \pm 5.45~\rm{s}^{-1}$ and $\Gamma({}^3 S_1) = 11.55 \pm 0.18~\rm{s}^{-1}$, respectively.
Evan Combes, E. Mereghetti, L. Platter· 0 citations
We combine the current experimental muon $g-2$ world average, which incorporates the final Fermilab result, with the latest electron $g-2$ determinations based on cesium and rubidium measurements to set 95\% CL exclusion contours for a pure vector mediator coupled to leptons. We explicitly test the assumption that the electron and muon coupling magnitudes are equal by comparing this restricted case with the case of independent electron and muon couplings and quantify the impact on the allowed parameter space. In the minimal visible dark-photon model, both leptons constrain the same kinetic mixing and are analyzed through a combined $\chi^2$ analysis. We compare the resulting $g-2$ bounds with existing accelerator direct-search exclusions and model-dependent astrophysical and cosmological constraints. From the accelerator comparison, we identify a region in the $(m_{A'},|\epsilon|)$ parameter space near $17$~MeV, close to the reported $X_{17}$ mass, that remains allowed by the direct-search contours displayed here but is excluded by the cesium-based electron $g-2$ constraint. The rubidium-based fit does not exclude this interval. For an $X_{17}$ boson with independent lepton couplings, we constrain the electron and muon couplings separately. Electron-only direct searches leave two disconnected allowed regions near the reported $X_{17}$ mass: a newly reopened low-coupling interval and a higher-coupling region above the NA64 excluded band. The cesium-based electron $g-2$ constraint closes the higher-coupling region, while the rubidium-based constraint reduces its extent; neither affects the newly reopened low-coupling interval. Using the current experimental muon $g-2$ world average, we obtain a new $g-2$-based exclusion region for the muon coupling, with no significant preference for a nonzero coupling.
R. Serao, A. Capolupo· 0 citations
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