Trends in Mortality from Pulmonary Embolism with Hypertension, United States (1999-2023)
TL;DR
Hypertension is a major modifier of PE mortality and requires collective approach to cardiovascular and thromboembolic risk management, and the policymakers and clinicians can focus on hypertension control, facilitating early PE diagnosis, and closing the demographic disparities.
Abstract
Background & Objective: Pulmonary embolism (PE) remains a leading cause of cardiovascular death, and its increasing comorbidity with hypertension has fatal outcomes. It is essential to get long-term mortality trends in order to inform health policy and prevention. The aim of study was to assess national trends in PE-related mortality with hypertension in the United States between 1999 and 2023. The results of the study may help policymakers and clinicians in Pakistan by highlighting long-term trends and potential future risk burden through collective data. Methodology: The mortality records were extracted from CDC WONDER database using ICD codes (I10, I11, I12, I13, I14, I15, and 126), which included all deceased with PE listed as an underlying cause of death and hypertension as a contributing cause of death. AAMR was calculated using U.S. standard population, and temporal trends were examined for sex, age, race, census, urbanization, and states using joinpoint regression program version 5.3.0.0. Results: All over 120,326 deaths were reported from 1999-2023. AAMR increased from 0.81 to 3.52 from 1999-2023, with percent change of 5.93%. Variations in results were noted; males had higher mortality than females (3.86 vs 3.22 in 2023). Death toll was highest among older adults raised among non-Hispanic Black individuals. Geographic variances showed higher mortality in metropolitan areas, southern census regions and selected areas. Conclusion: The study signifies that hypertension is a major modifier of PE mortality and requires collective approach to cardiovascular and thromboembolic risk management. The policymakers and clinicians can focus on hypertension control, facilitating early PE diagnosis, and closing the demographic disparities. Future studies are required to evaluate the effect of targeted preventive and therapeutic interventions. Key Words: Pulmonary Embolism, Hypertension, Mortality.