Jul 2026· 2026 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Living Environment (MetroLivEnv)· pp. 107-112· 0 citations· 17 references
Abstract
In this paper, we recommend an Onion Routing framework powered by federated learning and augmented with E91-based quantum key distribution (QKD) to protect next-generation communication systems like 5G-supported satellite and spaceborne IoT networks. Conventional encryption techniques protect message content but are still susceptible to traffic analysis and developing quantum attacks, necessitating layered, robust protection. In the suggested solution, locally on resourcelimited nodes, lightweight intrusion detection models are trained, whereas just onion-encrypted updates are shared for global aggregation, while keeping privacy intact and bandwidth usage minimum. Onion Routing offers multi-layer anonymity against adversarial eavesdropping, and QKD gives quantum-resilient key distribution immune to cryptanalytic attacks. Experimental testing on the X-IIoTID dataset indicates that the framework records a global accuracy of 98.03% with a loss of 0.0567, which confirms its effectiveness in identifying distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. Through decentralized intelligence, anonymity, and quantum-level security, this research sets the stage for a scalable and future-proof communication model for vital spaceborne applications.
A High-dimensional Variational Zero-Trust Hopfield Network integrated into the SDN control plane for secure and efficient IIoT communication and demonstrates that the proposed framework provides an efficient, scalable, and secure solution for IIoT-SDN networks under high-load conditions.
G. Senthil, S. Suganthi, R. Deepa· The European Physical Journa...· 0 citations
Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model learning without the need to share raw data, but its communication links are vulnerable to interception, replay, and man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks. The existing key exchange methods rely on computational hardness assumptions, which can be broken by post-quantum attackers. In this paper, a secure federated learning framework improved by Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is proposed, which integrates BB84-like quantum key generation and authenticated encryption on a per-round basis, as well as Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER)-assisted intrusion detection. A new cryptographic key is produced in each federated round, making it immune to replay attacks and allowing for detection of tampering. Theoretical calculations show that intercept-resend attacks lead to a minimum expected QBER of 25%, making it easier to detect statistically. Experimental results on the MNIST dataset show near-perfect detection rates for MITM and replay attacks, with QBER values increasing from about 1% (serving as a benign scenario) to about 26% in an attack scenario. Communication overhead is kept below 10%, with negligible computational latency compared to local training. The experiments show that the use of QKD-based key refresh improves FL communication security while still ensuring model convergence.
M. Kumari, Charvi Suri, Isha Suri· 2026 International Conferenc...· 0 citations
Smart-grid IoT networks require post-quantum protection, resilient routing, and continuous trust enforcement without excessive communication overhead. This study proposes a coordinated migration-oriented framework that integrates ML-KEM-1024 key establishment, ML-DSA-87 authentication, authenticated RPL mesh routing, and route-aware zero-trust validation. Its main novelty is the unified binding of post-quantum device identity with route admission, continuous trust scoring, compromised-node isolation, trusted failover, session rekeying, and controlled reintegration. The framework was evaluated using NS-3 simulations, Raspberry Pi cryptographic measurements, adversarial emulation, and ProVerif analysis across five controlled configurations with 75 legitimate nodes, four adversarial nodes, and 30 independently seeded runs. Under nominal traffic, the complete configuration achieved an RTT of
44.7
±
3.0
ms and a PDR of
99.2
±
0.4
%
. Under high load and primary-router failure, it maintained
99.1
±
0.6
%
PDR and recovered in
11.6
±
2.1
s. Relative to the post-quantum mesh configuration without continuous zero-trust enforcement, it reduced combined MITM and route-manipulation success by 82.6% and DDoS recovery time by 52.8%, with only a 1.5-percentage-point increase in control overhead. Compared with the reproduced ETX–Trust Secure-RPL baseline, PDR improved by 0.5 percentage points and DDoS recovery was 6.0 s faster, although RTT increased by 3.9 ms. ProVerif symbolically verified session secrecy, mutual authentication, replay resistance, route-admission integrity, failover, and post-rekey security. The framework provides a practical security and migration layer for AMI, DER, and substation communication, while full standards interoperability and utility-scale validation remain future requirements.
Unknown authors· Frontiers in Human Dynamics· 0 citations
The suggested DP-FAL model is a privacy-conserving, scalable, and robust intrusion prevention system that can be used real-time V2X conditions and has the potential to be deployed safely, reliably, and sustainably in next-generation transportation systems.
S. Sonker, V. K. Raina, B. B. Sagar et al.· Discover Computing· 0 citations
With the increasing sophistication of financial frauds, there is now a need for more advanced, secure, and scalable detection mechanisms. A fraud detection framework has been proposed that uses Federated Deep Learning (FDL) and Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) for non-IID financial data while carrying out secure communication. Using FL algorithms-FedAvg, FedAdagrad, FedAMP, and FedDyn-on partitioned client data, we demonstrate that FedDyn outperforms the other algorithms with an accuracy of 97.74%. Furthermore, we use Continuous-Variable QKD to encrypt the model updates to secure client-server communication, achieving a secure key ratio of above 98% and key rates of more than 250,000 bits/sec. Lastly, we implemented an elaborate suite of evaluations consisting of client-wise metrics, ROC curves, and t-SNE plots to validate the efficacy of our model implementation in terms of both performance and privacy preservation. Through our results, we address the brought-up importance of distributed intelligence powered by quantum encryption against advanced financial frauds.
Param Desai, Mohammad S. Obaidat, Mahek Desai et al.· International Conference on...· 0 citations
G Network Architecture technology is undergoing a revolution in wireless communication, delivering ultra-high data rates, massive device connectivity, low latency and intelligent network automation, all of which are relevant to smart city, healthcare, autonomous vehicle and industrial IoT applications. But with its distributed and software-defined design, 5G architecture presents a number of security challenges, which include network slicing vulnerabilities, attacks against edge computing, denial-of-service threats, authentication complications, and privacy threats. In today communication systems, attack surface is growing due to increased reliance on both cloud-based infrastructures and virtualization. With the arrival of high powered quantum computers, these will able to achieve quantum based computational attacks on classical cryptographic methods like RSA and ECC, it is expected that traditional cryptographic mechanisms will become vulnerable for use in a 5G security framework. To overcome these difficulties, Quantum Key Distribution has come up as a possible answer to secure quantum-safe communication based on quantum mechanics principles which can enable key exchange which is theoretically unbreakable. This review covers an outline of the security architecture of 5G networks, threats to integration strategies of QKD, quantum computing, and the implications of post-quantum cryptography in future communication systems. The paper also explores the latest developments, implementation hurdles, standardization initiatives, and avenues for future research into the construction of secure quantum-resilient networks of 5G and next-generation 6G Communication Systems.
N. S. Alex, T. Jaya, R. Prasad· International Conference on...· 0 citations
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