Cognitive status in older urban adults is shaped by modifiable health and lifestyle factors, and community-based interventions promoting physical activity, social participation, and healthy behaviors may help preserve cognition in aging populations.
Abstract
Abstract The rapid growth of India's elderly population necessitates understanding the determinants of cognitive health. Objective: This study examined the prevalence of cognitive impairment and its association with socio-demographic, health, and behavioural factors among community-dwelling older adults in urban Delhi. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2023 among 290 adults aged ≥60 years in South-West Delhi, selected through multistage sampling. Data on socio-demographics, health status, and lifestyle were collected via structured interviews. Cognitive function was assessed using the Brief Interview for Mental Status (BIMS) and classified as intact, mild to moderate, or severe impairment. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified explanatory dimensions; multivariable ordinal logistic regression examined associations; and K-means clustering grouped participants by cognitive profiles. Results: Overall, 52.8% had intact cognition, 37.2% mild to moderate impairment, and 10% severe impairment. Severe impairment was most prevalent among those aged ≥81 years (61.5%) and with no formal education (55.2%), while intact cognition was highest among skilled workers (26.6%) and those with high school or higher education (43.8%). Significant factors included age, education, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, smoking, alcohol use, dietary intake, sleep quality, mental activity, and social engagement (all p<0.001). PCA yielded eight principal components capturing behavioral, health, and socio-demographic domains. K-means clustering identified two distinct cognitive profiles based on performance and associated factors. Conclusion: Cognitive status in older urban adults is shaped by modifiable health and lifestyle factors. Community-based interventions promoting physical activity, social participation, and healthy behaviors may help preserve cognition in aging populations.
Introduction: Cognitive impairment in older adults includes subjective memory complaints, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and major neurocognitive disorders. Cognitive impairment among older adults is an emerging public health challenge globally and in India.
Aim: To estimate the prevalence of cognitive impairment and identify its associated factors among elderly residents in rural and urban area.
Materials and Methods: A comparative community-based analytical cross-sectional study was done among elderly subjects (≥60 years) in Poolavari (rural) and Attayampatti (urban) field practice areas of the institution ensuring feasibility, accessibility and representativeness of typical rural and urban populations in the Salem district of Tamil Nadu, India from 1st November 2025 to 31st January 2026. Simple random sampling was used to select participants. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Cognition was evaluated using the Brief Interview for Mental Status (BIMS) and function was characterised with the KATZ Index of Activities of Daily Living (ADL). Data were analysed through Statistical Packages of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. A Chi-square test and a multivariable logistic regression were conducted.
Results: Mean age was 65±4.7 years, majority were females 231 (57.7%) and 169 (42.3%) were males. The majority 235 (58.7%) were from lower class. Forgetting things often 228 (57%) was the most common dementia-related symptom and as per KATZ ADL scale 52 (13%) were dependent. Nearly 82 (20.5%) had moderate cognitive impairment and 11% had severe cognitive impairment. Multivariable analysis showed independent predictors of cognitive impairment were residence in rural area (AOR: 1.67), dependence in KATZ ADL scale {Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR): 1.55}, and presence of dementiarelated symptoms (AOR: 1.87).
Conclusion: Cognitive impairment is highly prevalent in South India elderly population. Immediate steps for reducing the future burden of dementia include community-based screening, early detection and integration of geriatric cognitive care into primary healthcare services.
VG Heera Shrivarika, M. Vijayakarthikeyan, S. R. Kannan et al.· Journal of Clinical and Diag...· 0 citations
Depressive symptoms among older adults in Turkey reflect the combined influence of health decline, functional limitations, negative psychosocial perceptions of ageing, and barriers to healthcare access.
ObjectiveTo provide insights into the prevalence and associated factors of cognitive frailty among older adults in Bekasi, Indonesia.MethodsA total of 308 community-dwelling older adults in Bekasi, Indonesia participated in this cross-sectional study. Demographic data and various measurement tools, including the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Barthel Index, Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Score, and World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) assessment, were employed to evaluate health status. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the cognitive frailty-associated factors.ResultsThe prevalence of cognitive frailty in Indonesia was found to be 8.44%. Factors significantly associated with cognitive frailty in this Indonesian cohort included marital status, lifestyle choices, the presence of comorbid conditions, history of serious illness, fall incidents, reduced physical performance, nutritional status, levels of depression, and self-reported quality of life.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this represents the first investigation into cognitive frailty within this population. The findings are significant, offering empirical evidence regarding the prevalence of cognitive frailty within the Indonesian population.KeywordsCognitive frailty, community-dwelling, older adults, prevalence
Anung Ahadi Pradana, Rohayati Rohayati, Siriluk Winitchayothin et al.· Jurnal Persatuan Perawat Nas...· 0 citations
Background Cognitive impairment (CI) is highly prevalent among older adults with hypertension and imposes substantial burdens on individuals, families, and healthcare systems. Identifying factors associated with CI is essential for developing targeted prevention strategies, yet evidence from tropical regions of China remains limited. Objective To examine the prevalence of CI and factors associated with CI among community-dwelling older adults with hypertension in tropical China. Methods This community-based cross-sectional study included 735 older adults aged ≥60 years with self-reported, physician-diagnosed hypertension recruited from community health centers in Haikou, China, between 2023 and 2025. Cognitive function was assessed using the Chinese Mini-Mental Status with education-adjusted cutoff values. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with CI. Age- and sex-stratified analyses, interaction analyses, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the findings. Results Among the 735 participants (mean age, 72.3 ± 7.7 years; 57.6% women), 223 (30.3%) had CI. In the fully adjusted model, participants aged ≥80 years had significantly higher odds of CI than those aged 60–69 years (OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.34–3.64). Depressive symptoms were also associated with increased odds of CI (OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.03–3.39), whereas higher educational attainment, medium monthly income, and higher BMI were associated with lower odds of CI. Stratified analyses suggested potential sex differences in the association between marital status and CI, and formal interaction analysis demonstrated a significant interaction between sex and marital status (P for interaction = 0.015). Sensitivity analyses generally supported the robustness of the primary findings. Conclusion CI was common among community-dwelling older adults with hypertension in tropical China. Older age and depressive symptoms were associated with higher odds of CI, whereas higher educational attainment, moderate income, and higher BMI were associated with lower odds. The observed sex differences in the association between marital status and CI highlight the importance of considering social determinants and sex-specific approaches when developing community-based cognitive health strategies for older adults with hypertension.
Li Peng, Xiuru Wang, Wenting Cao et al.· Frontiers in Public Health· 0 citations
BACKGROUND
This study conducted a cross-sectional analysis to assess the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among older adults in China and to identify its associated risk factors, with the aim of informing the development of early intervention strategies.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study used data collected in 2018 (Wave 4). The initial survey sample comprised 19,744 individuals, of whom 4773 formed the valid sample for analysis. After screening, the study ultimately selected 694 individuals who met all the inclusion criteria. MCI was defined according to the criteria for ageassociated cognitive decline (AACD). Sociodemographic information, past comorbidities, and lifestyle were assessed.
RESULTS
The prevalence of MCI was 14.54%, with 694 individuals diagnosed with MCI. An elevated Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD) score was identified as a significant risk factor for MCI (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.3-1.9; p < 0.001). Living in rural areas (odds ratios (OR) = 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.6-2.6; p < 0.001) and napping (OR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1-1.6; p = 0.002) were also significant risk factors for MCI. Additionally, gender, memory level, and nighttime sleep were each associated with a 1.2-fold increase in MCI risk (OR = 1.2 for all; p range: 0.001-0.047). Correlation analysis indicated that both age and the current CESD score were significantly negatively correlated with the total cognitive score (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Among Chinese older adults living in the community, CESD score, napping, nighttime sleep, being female, and memory level were identified as independent risk factorsfor MCI. These findings underscore the importance of implementing screening and preventive strategies to mitigate MCI risk in this demographic.
Qingpan Wen, Xin-Li Zhou, Chang-Yi Xie et al.· Actas espanolas de psiquiatr...· 0 citations
As life expectancy continues to rise, an increasing number of elderly individuals are at heightened risk of cognitive impairment (CI). This is a significant public health concern, as it adversely affects the elderly’s ability to live independently and imposes substantial financial burdens on households and social services. The prevalence of CI doubles every 5 years, impacting 20% of those aged 65 and 45% of those aged 90 and above. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of cognitive impairment among Sudanese elderly and to identify associated factors – particularly age and education – given their established relevance in similar populations. This is an observational descriptive cross-sectional community-based study. The study was conducted in Almaamoura district which is a high socioeconomic area of Khartoum. The study participants were elderly females and males, aged 65 years and above. A total of 143 elderly individuals were chosen using systematic random sampling. Data were collected by door-to-door survey, from October 14, 2021 to November 29, 2021 using an interviewer-administered standardized questionnaire consisting of the Mini-Mental State Examination and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The overall prevalence of cognitive impairment measured among elderly residents of Almaamoura was found to be 12.6%, among them 13 individuals had severe cognitive impairment (9.1%), and 5 individuals had mild CI (3.5%). Both age and education showed significant associations with cognitive impairment. However, only education remained independently associated with CI in the multivariate analysis, with higher education associated with lower odds of CI. This study identified a relatively low prevalence of cognitive impairment among the elderly residents of Almaamoura. This finding may be attributable to the district’s high socioeconomic status and the low proportion of illiterate individuals in the area.
