Modeling and optimization of rural distribution networks with solar power plants and energy storage systems

Abstract

This paper addresses the modeling and optimization of operating modes of rural distribution networks integrated with solar power plants (SPPs) and energy storage systems (ESS). The relevance of the study is determined by the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources, the need to enhance energy security, and the requirement to ensure reliable electricity supply for rural consumers under unstable grid conditions. The aim of the research is to develop a mathematical modeling approach for a local distribution network with integrated SPP and ESS and to determine efficient charge–discharge control strategies for reducing peak loads, minimizing power losses, and increasing the level of energy autonomy. The study applies simulation-based modeling methods, generation forecasting using meteorological data, and mathematical optimization techniques to form optimal ESS operating schedules. The results demonstrate that the integration of ESS into rural distribution networks significantly reduces load fluctuations, increases self-consumption of locally generated electricity, decreases grid power exchange, and improves overall system stability. Technical and economic performance indicators of ESS implementation for rural facilities, including pumping stations and agricultural loads, are evaluated.