Mass spectrum and decay widths of charmonium-like mesons: A diabatic approach with complex scaling

Abstract

In this work, we extend our previous diabatic framework for the charmonium-like spectrum below $4.3$ GeV by introducing the complex scaling method. Unlike the previous framework, the present approach explicitly incorporates couplings to the meson-meson continuum, comprehensively accounting for its contributions to the physical states. Consequently, it allows bound and resonant states to be treated on an equal footing, enabling the direct extraction of decay widths from complex energy eigenvalues without introducing any additional free parameters. Using the obtained solutions, we calculate the channel weights and complex root-mean-square radii ($r_{\scriptscriptstyle{RMS}}$ ) to elucidate their internal structures. Specifically, we find that the $\chi_{c1}(3872)$, $\psi(4040)$, and $\psi(4230)$ states exhibit significant molecular characteristics. Furthermore, we propose the $X(3940)$ as a candidate for a $J^{PC}=1^{++}$ state and discuss the nature of the $\chi_{c0}(2P)$ resonance in detail.