3D Printed Try-in for Complex Ceramic Veneers: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Aims: To systematically evaluate the effectiveness, clinical outcomes, material performance, patient satisfaction, and technological limitations associated with 3D-printed try-ins for complex ceramic veneers. Data Sources: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar covering publications from January 2010 to September 2025. Study Eligibility Criteria: Peer-reviewed studies assessing 3D-printed try-ins within ceramic veneer workflows were included. Eligible designs comprised clinical trials, experimental studies, observational studies, and systematic reviews reporting quantitative or qualitative outcomes. Case reports, editorials, non-English articles, and studies unrelated to ceramic veneers or try-in fabrication were excluded. Materials and Methods: This review examines its impact on clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, and technological limitations. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from 2010 to 2025 identified 2,173 records, of which 19 studies met the inclusion criteria following PRISMA guidelines. Data extraction focused on study characteristics, digital workflows, material properties, clinical outcomes, and technological considerations Results: Most included studies were published after 2020 and originated primarily from Europe and Asia, with significant contributions from the United States. The studies showed significant differences in the properties of test materials between 3D-printed try-ins and conventional mock-ups. The 3D-printed try-ins had 25-55% greater tensile and compression strength, and flexural strength was increased by 70-100%. They also demonstrated superior fatigue resistance, volumetric stability, and cell proliferation. Overall, 3D printing improved precision, durability, and patient satisfaction, though material standardization and long-term validation remain necessary. Conclusion:  3D-printed try-ins provide improved mechanical performance, precision, and clinical workflow efficiency in complex ceramic veneer procedures compared with conventional techniques. Despite promising outcomes, standardized materials, optimized printing protocols, and long-term clinical validation are necessary to support broader clinical adoption