2026· International Conference on Security and Cryptography· pp. 429-434· 0 citations· 16 references
Computer Science
TL;DR
The results demonstrate that blockchain-assisted authentication can be integrated into IoV systems without significant performance degradation.
Abstract
: Internet of Vehicles (IoV) enable enable communication between vehicles and infrastructure to improve road safety and traffic efficiency. However, authenticating vehicles across different administrative domains remains a challenge. This work proposes a blockchain-based authentication framework that enables secure cross-domain communication between vehicles. The proposed architecture combines Ethereum smart contracts with a Trusted Authority (TA) and Key Generation Center (KGC) to maintain decentralized domain trust while allowing efficient local authentication. A prototype system was implemented using a WiFi Router as the Road Side Unit (RSU) for network connectivity, a Raspberry Pi 5 hosting the TA and KGC servers, ESP32 micro-controllers as vehicle nodes, and a local Ethereum blockchain using Hardhat. Experiments were conducted with vehicle counts ranging from 100 to 500 and domain counts from 2 to 10. The system maintained a packet delivery ratio of 100% across all experiments while achieving average latency between 49 ms and 206 ms and throughput between 391 and 723 requests per second. The results demonstrate that blockchain-assisted authentication can be integrated into IoV systems without significant performance degradation.
The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) enables vehicles to exchange real-time information using wireless communication and onboard sensors; however, ensuring secure and efficient authentication for large-scale data sharing remains a significant challenge. Current authentication approaches often experience high processing costs, increased memory consumption, and insufficient detection accuracy, making them unsuitable for deployment in large-scale IoV environments. To address these issues, a blockchain-based efficient authentication approach is devised for data sharing amongst the vehicles. The entities included in the proposed system are Road Side Units (RSU), issuers, Vehicles, Traffic Management Authority (TMA), Law enforcement department (LED), and tracers. The steps followed by the proposed model include initialization, key generation, registration, message generation, encryption with data sharing and authentication. TMA initializes the auxiliary and parent blockchain in each region. In key generation, the public and private keys are generated for authentication. Next, the vehicle is registered with the TMA in the registration phase. Then, the message is recorded with blockchain. Once the message is recoded, the encryption and data sharing phase is executed for secure sharing. After that, the authentication is carried out to select a genuine vehicle for data sharing. Performance evaluation is conducted using computation time, detection rate, memory usage, communication overhead, and blockchain transaction latency. For 50 devices, the proposed approach achieves a computation time of 0.065 s. The detection rate reaches 91.455%, showing an improvement of 4.37–10.50%, while memory usage is reduced to 3.792 MB, achieving a reduction of 4.5–15.7%. It also achieves the minimum communication overhead of 2.383 KB, obtaining a reduction of 5.47–45.30%. Similarly, the lowest blockchain transaction latency of 19.655 ms is achieved, corresponding to a reduction of 16.60–43.44%. These results demonstrate that the proposed framework consistently outperforms existing methods in terms of efficiency and scalability for practical IoV applications.
S. Velliangiri, P. Karthikeyan, J. Premalatha· Discover Computing· 0 citations
The Fourth Industrial Revolution, driven by the convergence of Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT), has accelerated industrial innovation while exposing legacy systems to modern cyber threats. Widely adopted protocols, such as Modbus/TCP, lack native security mechanisms and remain inherently vulnerable to exploitation. This study proposes and validates DModbus, an adaptive security layer that enhances Modbus communications by integrating blockchain technology. The architecture introduces a non-invasive gateway that utilizes a permissioned Proof of Authority (PoA) blockchain as a distributed and immutable ledger for device identities, enabling robust authentication during communication. The proposal was validated through a Proof of Concept (TRL 3) simulating a Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attack via Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) spoofing in a Modbus TCP/IP environment. The experimental results demonstrate that DModbus detects identity spoofing attempts in real time. Performance analysis quantifies the inherent trade-off: an average latency overhead of 91.3% relative to the unprotected baseline. This overhead suggests suitability for non-critical real-time applications, such as supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, rather than high-speed actuators, given the significant gains in security and resilience particularly when contrasted with the severe and unpredictable degradation observed during active attacks. The main contributions are: (i) a model for securing Industry of Things (IIoT) devices using blockchain; (ii) a quantitative assessment of Proof-of-Authority (PoA)-based overhead in OT networks; and (iii) validation of decentralized identity management as a viable security layer for industrial communications.
Paulo Henrique Mariano, Devanir Caetano Filho, C. F. Cavalcanti et al.· IEEE Latin America Transacti...· 0 citations
A lightweight blockchain-based authentication framework for secure communication in Internet of Things (IoT) networks that integrates a permissioned blockchain with ECC-256 to provide mutual authentication, data integrity, and non-repudiation for resource-constrained IoT devices.
A. Abu-Ein, Obaida M. Al-hazaimeh· WSEAS Transactions on Inform...· 0 citations
This paper investigates the integration of blockchain and the IoV, addressing key findings and challenges associated with blockchain in the IoV domain while answering the study’s research questions.
By using PUF-generated responses as hardware-rooted seeds for mining and authentication, the framework removes the need for permanent secret storage and establishes a secure chain from device identity to consensus participation, making it suitable for practical deployment in industrial IoT, smart infrastructure, and other resource-constrained distributed systems.
B. Narayanapuram, J. Panda· IEEE Access· 0 citations
A secure, lightweight, and scalable communication protocol was developed for a 5G-enabled SDN-IoV environment to ensure integrity, trust, and dependability in the SDN-enabled IoV environment.
R. J. Lawande, Sudhir Lande, M. Lande· Future Technology· 0 citations
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