2026· IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems· Vol 7, pp. 1943-1960· 0 citations· 52 references
TL;DR
This study tackles security, scalability, and efficiency issues in the IoV framework by implementing a decentralized, blockchain-based authentication framework that addresses cryptographic vulnerabilities, reduces computational and communication costs, and improves real-time performance.
Abstract
The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) enhances transportation through connectivity and intelligence. However, this integration exposes IoV systems to various cyber threats, such as data breaches, hacking, vehicle control manipulation, and vehicle identity theft, which must be addressed to ensure system security. This study tackles security, scalability, and efficiency issues in the IoV framework by implementing a decentralized, blockchain-based authentication framework. It addresses cryptographic vulnerabilities, reduces computational and communication costs, and improves real-time performance. The framework also reduces latency and communication overhead, ensuring secure connectivity in high-traffic IoV scenarios. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the techniques deployed, including secure mapping, distributed verification, verified connectivity, and decentralized validation. The results of performance evaluations demonstrate that the proposed framework has improved computing efficiency, high communication effectiveness, and reduced overall delay. The system is also shown to be adaptable to various node densities and communication conditions. The experimental results show that the proposed framework achieves a computation cost of 4.29 ms, representing a 48.19% improvement over the best-performing existing methods. Similarly, the total communication cost of the framework is 176 ms, showing reductions of 65.22%, 51.38%, 76.56%, and 74.04% compared to previous approaches. Lastly, a security analysis confirms that the framework establishes a solid security foundation, and the results of a comparative analysis indicate its potential to strengthen the security of IoV networks.
Decentralized Cybersecurity Mesh Architecture (DCSMA) is a new cybersecurity architecture designed to secure distributed networks, particularly Internet of Things (IoT) environments. Unlike traditional approaches that rely on centralized control or isolated security silos, it leverages blockchain technology to enable fully decentralized security management, eliminating single points of failure and improving coordination among security components. In this paper, a practical implementation of DCSMA is presented and evaluated in an Internet of Vehicles (IoV) environment. The system is developed using a hybrid simulation framework that combines Carla for IoV scenarios and Ganache for blockchain emulation. It integrates key technologies, including Decentralized Identity (DID), Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMPC), smart contracts, and Event-Driven Architecture (EDA), to support secure communication and distributed policy enforcement. The proposed system is evaluated through multiple case studies covering data protection, communication and policy enforcement, and threat detection. Performance is analyzed using metrics such as latency, memory consumption, scalability, throughput, and transaction success rate, in addition to machine learning-based anomaly detection. The results demonstrate that the proposed implementation achieves efficient decentralized security with low overhead and effective threat detection, highlighting its suitability as a scalable and resilient cybersecurity solution for IoV and distributed IoT systems.
A blockchain-enabled cybersecurity framework for ITS that integrates distributed ledger technology with secure vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-infrastructure, and vehicle-to-everything communication is proposed that incorporates identity management, consensus-based validation, trust evaluation, secure data sharing, intrusion detection, and privacy-preserving mechanisms.
Rashmi Soni· Journal of Intelligent Decis...· 0 citations
The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) enables vehicles to exchange real-time information using wireless communication and onboard sensors; however, ensuring secure and efficient authentication for large-scale data sharing remains a significant challenge. Current authentication approaches often experience high processing costs, increased memory consumption, and insufficient detection accuracy, making them unsuitable for deployment in large-scale IoV environments. To address these issues, a blockchain-based efficient authentication approach is devised for data sharing amongst the vehicles. The entities included in the proposed system are Road Side Units (RSU), issuers, Vehicles, Traffic Management Authority (TMA), Law enforcement department (LED), and tracers. The steps followed by the proposed model include initialization, key generation, registration, message generation, encryption with data sharing and authentication. TMA initializes the auxiliary and parent blockchain in each region. In key generation, the public and private keys are generated for authentication. Next, the vehicle is registered with the TMA in the registration phase. Then, the message is recorded with blockchain. Once the message is recoded, the encryption and data sharing phase is executed for secure sharing. After that, the authentication is carried out to select a genuine vehicle for data sharing. Performance evaluation is conducted using computation time, detection rate, memory usage, communication overhead, and blockchain transaction latency. For 50 devices, the proposed approach achieves a computation time of 0.065 s. The detection rate reaches 91.455%, showing an improvement of 4.37–10.50%, while memory usage is reduced to 3.792 MB, achieving a reduction of 4.5–15.7%. It also achieves the minimum communication overhead of 2.383 KB, obtaining a reduction of 5.47–45.30%. Similarly, the lowest blockchain transaction latency of 19.655 ms is achieved, corresponding to a reduction of 16.60–43.44%. These results demonstrate that the proposed framework consistently outperforms existing methods in terms of efficiency and scalability for practical IoV applications.
S. Velliangiri, P. Karthikeyan, J. Premalatha· Discover Computing· 0 citations
With the rapid increase of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, it is a challenge to ensure secure and reliable device authentication. Conventional blockchain-based solutions provide immutability and transparency, but dynamic trust management is not present, resulting in limited scalability in heterogeneous IoT environments. To overcome these drawbacks, this study presents a blockchain-integrated trust-based authentication and access control framework designed specifically for IoT networks. The proposed model combines deterministic blockchain validation with probabilistic trust computation, enabling adaptive decision-making while preserving system integrity. Performance analysis highlights the efficiency of the approach: decryption consistently executes in less than one second, trust score evaluation completes within two seconds, and memory usage demonstrates storage efficiency. During trust updates, memory requirements peak at 173.1 MB, while image processing operations consume slightly more memory. Incremental growth during trust point updates is minimal, around 2.9 MB, indicating lightweight overhead. The results confirm that the architecture achieves a strong balance between security and performance, offering rapid authentication without compromising resource efficiency. By merging blockchain policy enforcement with trust reasoning, the framework advances current IoT security mechanisms and offers a scalable solution applicable across domains such as smart homes, industrial automation, and edge computing.
S. Deepthi, Khoi A. Tran, G. Deepa· SN Computer Science· 0 citations
This paper investigates the integration of blockchain and the IoV, addressing key findings and challenges associated with blockchain in the IoV domain while answering the study’s research questions.
In recent years, fog computing has emerged as a pivotal paradigm to overcome the limitations of traditional cloud computing by decentralizing data processing and bringing it closer to the data source. This shift, however, introduces significant security challenges, such as data integrity, authentication, and secure communication among distributed fog nodes. Traditional security measures often fall short in addressing these challenges due to the dynamic and decentralized nature of fog computing environments. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized, immutable, and transparent ledger system, presents a promising solution to these security issues. This research investigates the integration of blockchain technology into fog computing systems to enhance their security framework. By leveraging the consensus algorithms and cryptographic techniques inherent in blockchain, the study aims to ensure data integrity, prevent unauthorized access, and secure communications within fog computing environments. The research utilizes iFogSim, a simulation toolkit for modeling and simulating fog computing environments, to implement and evaluate the proposed blockchain-based security framework. The primary objectives of this study include assessing the current security vulnerabilities in fog computing, developing a customized blockchain-based security framework, and rigorously evaluating its performance through empirical analysis and simulation. The findings are expected to provide actionable insights and recommendations for deploying secure and efficient fog computing architectures, thereby contributing to the broader adoption of blockchain-enhanced fog computing systems in various sectors such as IoT, healthcare, and smart cities. This study not only addresses the theoretical underpinnings of blockchain integration in fog computing but also bridges the gap between theory and practical implementation, aiming to advance the field of secure distributed computing in the digital age. In this article, iFogSim will be used to simulate the integration of blockchain and fog computing.
Unknown authors· IEM Journal· 0 citations
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