The vision of coordinated space-based WPT, where multiple satellites jointly serve networks of ground devices and meetasurfaces on satellite apertures and ground networks to boost energy conversion efficiency, scalability, and beam management is introduced.
Abstract
Satellite-enabled wireless power transfer (WPT) may be a transformative solution for charging Internet of Things (IoT) devices in off-grid scenarios where traditional technologies struggle to efficiently meet urgent energy demands. In this article, we review the advantages and limitations of microwave-based long-distance charging for satellite-enabled WPT. We then introduce our vision of coordinated space-based WPT, where multiple satellites jointly serve networks of ground devices. Potential use cases are presented highlighting application requirements. We evaluate the average received power at the target locations using two coordination schemes and perform a statistical characterization of the power spillover on undesired locations. We also shed light on the performance of inter-satellite laser WPT for different operating distances and transmit-receive apertures of the peer satellites. Moreover, we explore the integration of metasurfaces on satellite apertures and ground networks to boost energy conversion efficiency, scalability, and beam management. Finally, we outline relevant challenges and research directions towards implementing our vision.
Emerging technologies including wireless power transfer (WPT), integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), and fluid antennas (FAs), have significantly advanced the capabilities and performance of modern satellite communication systems. This paper investigates an FA-assisted integrated sensing, communication, and power transfer (ISCPT) framework for low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks, which operates in two phases: 1) an energy-transfer and target-sensing phase (Phase I), and 2) an information-transmission phase (Phase II). Specifically, in Phase I, a space solar power satellite (SSPS) transmits a dual-functional waveform to simultaneously charge multiple LEO satellites and illuminate a sensing target, while in Phase II, these LEO satellites coordinately serve multiple ground user equipments (UEs) leveraging the harvested energy. We formulate a sum-rate maximization problem subject to the SSPS’s transmit power constraint, LEO satellites’ energy harvesting and sensing requirements, UEs’ information rate demands, and the FAs’ movable regions. To tackle the highly-coupled and non-convex optimization problem, a three-stage alternating optimization (AO) algorithm is proposed, which decomposes it into resource allocation, SSPS-side FA placement, and LEO-side FA placement subproblems. In particular, the resource allocation subproblem is reformulated by adopting the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality and semidefinite relaxation (SDR), and is efficiently tackled via the successive convex approximation method. The two FA placement subproblems are addressed leveraging trust-region-based optimization. Simulation results validate the superior performance gains of the proposed algorithm over seven benchmarks and demonstrate that FAs can enhance multi-functional wireless services by adjusting inter-channel diversity according to service types. Notably, a non-trivial trade-off arises among FAs-enabled multi-functional services requiring distinct channel characteristics, as FAs cannot simultaneously provide optimal channel conditions for all services.
Weihao Mao, Yang Lu, Dong Yang et al.· IEEE Journal on Selected Are...· 1 citation
Numerical results indicate that the proposed framework outperforms benchmark schemes while accounting for traffic demands and EE, resulting in a mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) for which finding a globally optimal solution is generally intractable.
Wooseok Cha, Kyeongsoo Kim, Seonghoon Kim et al.· IEEE Transactions on Wireles...· 0 citations
Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communications face critical challenges in serving blocked users due to severe penetration loss and signal blockage. Conventional active relay solutions incur high energy consumption and hardware costs. This letter introduces a pinching-antenna relay system (PARS) for energy-efficient LEO satellite communication in blockage environments. By using dielectric waveguides with dynamically reconfigurable PAs, PARS provides flexible spatial diversity and beamforming gains with the circuit control and PA actuation power. We formulate an energy-efficiency (EE) maximization problem by jointly optimizing the satellite precoding and PA positions. A Dinkelbach-based block coordinate descent (BCD) algorithm is proposed to solve the non-convex fractional program via iterative weighted minimum mean square error (WMMSE) transformation and projected gradient descent (PGD) updates. Simulations show that the proposed PARS achieves superior EE over direct transmission, fixed-PA, decode-and-forward (DF) and zero-forcing (ZF) baselines. The resulting performance crossover further identifies the PARS-dominant region, providing practical deployment guidance for blockage-affected scenarios.
Ruihong Jiang, Jincong Mo, Hui-Min Hu et al.· IEEE Wireless Communications...· 0 citations
Solar-powered high-altitude platform stations (HAPSs) provide a promising platform for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) owing to their wide-area coverage and long-endurance operation. This paper proposes a solar-powered HAPS-enabled ISAC framework for sustainable day-night operation, where a figure-eight loitering architecture is adopted to provide persistent ISAC services over geographically separated regions while harvesting solar energy. A unified communication-sensing-energy model is developed by jointly characterizing solar energy harvesting, battery dynamics, propulsion power consumption, communication transmission, and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging. Based on this model, coupled optimization problems are formulated for daytime operation (DTO) and nighttime operation (NTO), where the battery state bridges the two operational phases through a long-term energy budget. The proposed framework jointly optimizes communication, sensing, mobility, and energy management to maximize daytime communication performance while minimizing nighttime propulsion energy consumption. Efficient iterative algorithms are developed to solve the resulting non-convex optimization problems. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed communication-sensing-energy co-design and demonstrate that the proposed framework effectively supports sustainable day-night ISAC operation.
High-altitude platform station (HAPS) serves as a promising enabler for wide-area connectivity of low-power wireless devices, particularly in remote and underserved regions. However, the strong line-of-sight characteristics of HAPS links increase the risk of eavesdropping, while the limited energy budget of ground devices remains a major operational constraint. In this work, we propose a secure wireless information and energy harvesting framework for HAPS-based networks in the presence of spatially distributed eavesdroppers. The proposed system integrates friendly jamming and power transfer nodes equipped with null-steering capability antennas, such that they not only degrade the reception quality at eavesdroppers but also act as additional radio-frequency energy sources for legitimate users. A time-switching wireless information and power transfer architecture is adopted at the user side. Under this framework, we derive tractable expressions for the joint rate-energy coverage and the average secrecy rate using stochastic geometry tools. Numerical and Monte Carlo results validate the developed analysis and reveal key design trade-offs among the time allocation factor, null-steering-zone radius around each user, and jammer transmit power. In particular, the results show that properly coordinated null-steering jamming can simultaneously support secure communication and adequate wireless power transfer, while an appropriate choice of system parameters, such as time allocation factor and jamming power, is required to balance harvested energy, communication reliability, and secrecy performance.
Khaled M. Humadi, Günes Karabulut-Kurt, W. Ajib et al.· IEEE Journal of Radio Freque...· 0 citations
The demand and rapid increase of electric vehicles (EVs), has created an unparalleled demand for wireless communication infrastructures that are robust having low-latency and very secure, across global transportation networks. This paper presents a broad analysis of wireless communication technologies applied to electric vehicles, across highlighted critical metrics including latency, throughput, reliability, spectral efficiency and security resilience integrating vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, software updates, wireless charging (WPT), battery management and smart grid integration. LTE-V and NR-V2X (5G), Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), ZigBee and emerging 6G-compatible frameworks is used to analyze the performance of IEEE 802.11p (DSRC), Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X). An experimental testbed comprising 24 EV nodes was deployed over 18 months, across an urban mesh network, generating over 4.2 terabytes of empirical communication data. Results show that NR-V2X achieves sub-10 ms end-to-end latency with 99.97% packet delivery ratio, outperforming DSRC by 58% in dense urban topologies. The proposed Adaptive Multi-Protocol Switching (AMPS) algorithm reduces communication overhead by 34.7% while maintaining Quality of Service (QoS) thresholds. The findings offer critical insights for policymakers, EV manufacturers, and network operators designing next-generation connected EV infrastructure
S. Kuzhaloli· International Conference on...· 0 citations
We use cookies to run the site and, with your consent, for analytics and to show ads.
See our Cookie Policy.
