Eco-Pharmacological Awareness and Pharmaceutical Waste Disposal Practices Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Improper disposal of pharmaceutical waste, such as discarding medications in household trash or flushing them, poses environmental risks, including water contamination and antimicrobial resistance. Public awareness remains low, particularly among university students, who often lack knowledge of safe disposal and its environmental impact. This study of 126 students revealed misconceptions: 80.2% believed trash disposal was safe, only 20.6% were aware of the FDA’s flush list, and 73% incorrectly thought mixing drugs with substances like cat litter was prohibited, which contradicts FDA advice. Awareness of ecological harm was low, with 92.1% unaware of its effects, and 78.6% failing to remove personal info before disposal. Despite this, 97.6% supported the role of pharmaceutical companies in education. Results highlight knowledge gaps, especially among non-healthcare students, echoing previous studies on public confusion. Recommendations include integrating waste disposal education into curricula, standardizing guidelines, and forming partnerships with the industry to improve waste management and mitigate risks.