Discrimination in the field of pay: national trends and global experience

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of discrimination in the field of remuneration through the prism of world experience. The emphasis is on national mechanisms for preventing discrimination in labor law and proper legal regulation at the national level. The emphasis is on expanding equal rights and opportunities for women, increasing their role in all processes of public administration and in public life in general. It is noted that the current state of the Ukrainian labor market is characterized by a relatively stable level of employment and a low level of official unemployment. However, a significant gender gap persists in some professions where, for example, women may be involved as a workforce, since men are more actively involved in labor activities due to socio-cultural and institutional trends. This situation leads to unequal conditions for men and women when it comes to employment and career development, as well as significant differences in their pay. It is emphasized that the Ukrainian economy, especially in times of war, is experiencing a shortage of qualified personnel in many industries, and a significant part of male labor resources has left the labor market due to military service. In general, the current state of the Ukrainian labor market is characterized by a relatively stable level of employment and a low level of official unemployment. It is concluded that the principle of non-discrimination is one of the fundamental principles of the legal system of Ukraine. It guarantees every employee and candidate for a position fair treatment, equal opportunities and protection from any prejudice. It was emphasized that in order to ensure the implementation of the principle of equal pay for equal work, the Ukrainian legislator must provide for the obligations of employers to create a transparent system of remuneration and career growth, to inform employees about their salaries, to establish a presumption of discrimination in the event of a corresponding application from an employee, and a rigid system of motivation of employers by the state to comply with labor legislation in the relevant part. The above steps are basic European integration standards (in particular, the EU Directive on Pay Transparency) and are already partially reflected in relevant legislative initiatives of Ukraine.