In 2016, Reiher's clique density theorem determined the minimum number of copies of $K_t$ in a graph with a prescribed edge density. In this paper, we investigate its local version and prove a local clique density theorem in $H$-free graphs as follows. For integers $r$ and $t$ with $2\leq t\leq r-1$, any $r$-chromatic graph $H$, any real numbers $\gamma$ and $\alpha$ with $\frac{t-2}{2(t-1)}\leq\gamma\leq \frac{r-2}{2(r-1)}$ and $0\leq\alpha\leq 1$, we determine the maximum value $\beta:=\beta(r,t,\alpha,\gamma)$ such that for every $n$-vertex $H$-free graph $G$ with at least $\gamma n^2$ edges, every $\lceil\alpha n\rceil$-vertex subset in $G$ contains at least $(\beta-o(1))n^{t}$ copies of $K_t$. In particular, when $H=K_r$, every $\lceil\alpha n\rceil$-vertex subset contains at least $\lfloor\beta n^t\rfloor$ copies of $K_t$, which is an exact bound. For suitable choices of $\alpha$ and $\gamma$, namely, those for which all part ratios in the corresponding extremal construction are rational, this bound is attained for infinitely many values of $n$.
For graphs $H$ and $F$, let $ex(n,H,F)$ be the maximum number of copies of $H$ in an $n$-vertex $F$-free graph. We study this problem when $H$ is a clique and $F=T_t$which is a fixed tree on $t$ vertices. The Erd\H{o}s--S\'{o}s conjecture concerns the value of $ex(n,K_2, T_t)$. Gerbner and Palmer proposed a more general conjecture: if $n=\alpha(t-1)+\beta$ and $0\le\beta\le t-2$, then the graph $\alpha K_{t-1}\sqcup K_\beta$ maximizes the number of $r$-cliques among all $n$-vertex $T_t$-free graphs for every $3\le r\le t-2$. We show that this conjecture holds for $T_t$ having at least $t-r$ leaves with a common parent, which contains the star case as a special case and recovers the sharp clique-counting result conjectured by Gan, Loh and Sudakov and proved by Chase and Chao and Dong. We also study the clique-spectral analogue. Under the same leaf-bunch condition, every $T_t$-free graph $G$ satisfies $\rho_r(G)\le\binom{t-2}{r-1}$, with equality, for $n\ge t-1$, if and only if $K_{t-1}$ is a component of $G$. Furthermore, we prove the conjecture for $r=t-d$ whenever $d\ge2$ and $t\ge d^2-d+3$, while the case $d=1$ is determined exactly for every $t$. For $d\ge2$ and $t\ge d^2-d+3$, every $T_t$-free graph $G$ satisfies $\rho_{t-d}(G)\le\rho_{t-d}(K_{t-1})$, with equality characterized by the presence of a $K_{t-1}$-component. Our method is designed for relatively large cliques. In the leaf-poor case, after deleting edges that lie in no $(t-d)$-clique, we study the intersection relation among $(t-d)$-cliques and show that its equivalence classes induce the nontrivial clique-supported components; furthermore, we show each non-trivial component has at most $t-1$\) vertices. In the complementary leaf-rich case, a leaf-bunch criterion reduces the clique-counting problem to the sharp bounded-maximum-degree clique theorem.
Given graphs $H$ and $F$, the generalized Tur\'{a}n number ${\rm ex}(n,H,F)$ is the maximum number of copies of $H$ in an $n$-vertex $F$-free graph. Alon and Shikhelman (J. Combin. Theory Ser. B, 2016) initiated the systematic study of generalized Tur\'{a}n problems. Let $T$ be a tree on $k$ vertices, and write $n=a(k-1)+b$, where $0\leq b<k-1$. Recently, Gerbner and Palmer (Electron. J. Combin., 2026) proposed the following conjecture: for every $r\geq3$, the graph $aK_{k-1}\cup K_b$ maximizes the number of copies of $K_r$ among all $n$-vertex $T$-free graphs. In this paper, we verify their conjecture when $r=k-2$ or $r=k-3\geq5$. More precisely, we show that ${\rm ex}(n,K_r,T)=a\binom{k-1}{r}+\binom{b}{r}$ and characterize all extremal graphs.
The codegree Tur\'an density $\pi_{\mathrm{co}}(F)$ is the supremum over all $\gamma \in [0,1)$ such that, for arbitrarily large $n$, there exists an $n$-vertex $F$-free $k$-graph $H$ whose every $(k-1)$-subset of vertices lies in at least $\gamma n$ edges. Ding, Lamaison, Liu, Wang, and Yang (JLMS, 2025) studied the problem of what 3-graphs $F$ satisfy $\pi_{\mathrm{co}}(F) = 0$. They introduced layered $3$-graphs and conjectured that a $3$-graph has zero codegree Tur\'an density if and only if it is layered and has zero uniform Tur\'an density. For $k\ge 3$, a $k$-graph is called layered if its vertices can be labelled so that every edge has a unique maximum label and two edges with the same maximum label have the same label multiset. In this paper, we show that every non-layered $k$-graph $F$ on $m$ vertices satisfies \[ \pi_{\mathrm{co}}(F)\ge q_{k,m}^{-q_{k,m}}>0, \quad \text{where}\quad q_{k,m}=\frac{(k-1)^{m+1}-1}{k-2}, \] which implies any $k$-graph with zero $\ell$-degree Tur\'an density is layered, and the case $k=3$ confirms the conjecture of Ding, Lamaison, Liu, Wang, and Yang.
Let $F$ be a connected color-critical graph with $\chi(F)=r+1\ge4$, let $S_{n,\Delta}^{(r)}=(n-\Delta)K_1\vee T(\Delta,r-1)$. We determine the graph of maximum adjacency spectral radius among all $n$-vertex $F$-free graphs with prescribed maximum degree $\Delta$. There is a constant $s_F\in[0,1)$ such that, for all sufficiently large $n$, $\left\lceil\frac{(r-1)n}{r}\right\rceil\le \Delta\le n-\Theta(n^{s_F})$ implies that every $n$-vertex $F$-free graph $G$ with $\Delta(G)=\Delta$ satisfies $\rho(G)\le \rho\bigl(S_{n,\Delta}^{(r)}\bigr)$, with equality if and only if $G\cong S_{n,\Delta}^{(r)}$. This is the spectral counterpart of the edge theorem of [European J. Combin. 106 (2022), 103576.] and extends the clique result in [arXiv:2608.26634, 2026.]. This result also provides a benchmark for unbalanced spectral Tur\'an problems arising from other extremal parameters.
A graph $\Gamma$ is $(c,t)$-sparse for $c>0$ and $t \ge 1$ if for every pair of vertex subsets $A, B \subseteq V(\Gamma)$ with $|A|, |B| \ge t$, the number of edges $e(A,B)$ between them satisfies $ e(A,B) \le (1 - c)|A||B|$. In this paper, we prove that for every integer $\ell\ge2$, there are $\varepsilon>0, C, C'>0$ such that if an $n$-vertex graph $\Gamma$ is $(1-\varepsilon,t)$-sparse for some $t$, and has at least $Ct^{1-1/\ell}n^{1+1/\ell}$ edges, then $\Gamma$ contains at least $C'n^2t^{2\ell-2}$ induced copies of $C_{2\ell}$. This partially resolves a problem of Ding, Gao, Liu, Luan, and Sun.
Adam Džavoronok, Ole Gabsdil, Alexander Mylet et al.· 1 citation
Let $X_H$ denote the number of copies of a fixed graph $H$ in $G_{n, p}$. Gilmer and Kopparty conjectured that $X_H$ satisfies a local central limit theorem (LCLT) provided that $H$ is connected, $p \gg n^{-1/m(H)}$, and $n^2 (1-p) \gg 1$, where $m(H)$ is the maximum density. Following the work of Berkowitz, Sah and Sawhney confirmed this conjecture for every constant $p$, leaving the regime where $p=o(1)$ open. In this regime, the only case addressed in the literature is when $H=K_3$, where, in a recent paper, Ara\'ujo and Mattos confirmed the conjecture for $p \in (4n^{-1/2}, 1/2)$. This, together with a general result of R\"ollin and Ross, essentially settles the conjecture for the triangle. We generalise these results by showing that an LCLT holds for $H = K_r$ (for any fixed $r \ge 3$) in the regime $n^{-1/m(H)}\ll p\leq 1/2$, essentially settling the conjecture for cliques.
Asaf Cohen Antonir, Ilay Hoshen, Maksim Zhukovskii· 0 citations
We use cookies to run the site and, with your consent, for analytics and to show ads.
See our Cookie Policy.
