Epidemiological and Phylogenetic Analysis of Reassorted H10Nx Avian Influenza Viruses in Guangdong Province, China

Abstract

H10 subtype avian influenza viruses circulate widely among wild and domestic birds worldwide. These viruses have crossed species barriers to infect mammals, including humans, with cases of H10N3, H10N5 and H10N8 reported. During active surveillance in Guangdong Province, China, between 2023 and 2025, we isolated 10 H10Nx influenza A viruses from wild birds and domestic ducks. To characterise their epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics, we analysed public sequence and surveillance data and found H10 viruses across all inhabited continents, including more than 400 isolates from China.