Research on Variable Universe Fuzzy Adaptive Control Strategy for Virtual Synchronous Generators Considering Energy Storage State

Abstract

With the integration of high proportions of renewable energy, the system's inertia and damping support capabilities decline. Although virtual synchronous generators (VSG) can emulate synchronous machine characteristics, traditional fixed or conventional adaptive control often overlooks the constraints of state of charge (SOC) on inertia regulation, which may lead to overcharging/overdischarging and compromise lifespan and stability. To address this, this paper proposes a variable universe fuzzy adaptive VSG control strategy that considers SOC constraints: the feasible range of virtual inertia is derived based on SOC and power boundaries, serving as the output universe of the fuzzy controller; frequency deviation and its rate of change are used as inputs to construct fuzzy rules for dynamic adjustment of inertia and damping; a variable universe mechanism is introduced to enhance small‐disturbance control accuracy without increasing rule complexity. A photovoltaic‐storage microgrid model is built in MATLAB/Simulink, and simulations validate that the proposed method outperforms fixed‐parameter and traditional fuzzy adaptive strategies in dynamic response, frequency stability, and energy storage protection. The simulation example shows that the proposed method is feasible and effective. © 2026 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.