Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Parking Slot Preferences at Urban Building Using Time History Observations

Abstract

The availability and use of parking spaces are important factors to high-quality mobility in research and office buildings including KST Samaun Samadikun. This article studies the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of parking-slot preferences by means of sequential UAV overflights. Vehicles were manually detected on aerial images, and binary occupancy labels were associated with predefined parking spaces. Four observation sessions were conducted on two working days. The sessions were analysed at the area and slot levels based on historical occupancy rates and 3D spatial visualization. It is shown which zones and slots are consistently occupied during the day in the observed period, and these results can be used as practical guidance for parking lot layout design and facility management. The approach is descriptive, historical and frequency-based rather than being a trained or independently verified forecasting model. Therefore, the results should be considered as initial trends under the given operational, weather, and lighting conditions. Longer observation time, automated vehicle detection, quantification, and multi-site studies are needed to generalize predictive performances and large-scale urban applications.