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Traditional Roles and Cultural Challenges of Malaysian Indian Women: A Systematic Review

Sep 2026 · The International Journal of Diverse Identities · 0 citations

Abstract

Malaysian Indian women navigate a complex intersection of gender, ethnicity, class, and culture. Despite societal transformation, expanding education, and economic opportunities, deep-rooted patriarchal norms and structural inequalities continue to shape their lived experiences, yet existing scholarship remains fragmented. This systematic review followed PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 guidelines, sourcing peer-reviewed qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies published between 2015 and 2025 from major academic databases, focusing on Malaysian Indian women’s social roles, agency, identity, and structural constraints. Data were thematically analyzed using an intersectional framework. Findings indicate that Malaysian Indian women experience an ongoing double bind between traditional expectations and modern aspirations. Education, employment, and digital access offer empowerment pathways, but structural barriers—including patriarchal norms, gendered division of labor, and inadequate institutional support—persist. Agency is exercised through adaptive negotiation, resilience, and collective engagement rather than direct confrontation, with intergenerational tensions and socioeconomic disparities further shaping their private and public experiences. The review concludes that Malaysian Indian women are active social agents within constraining yet dynamic socio-cultural contexts. Addressing gender disparity requires intersectional, culturally relevant policies and community-based programs that shift deficit narratives toward structural transformation and inclusive empowerment.[Las mujeres indias malayas afrontan una compleja intersección de género, etnia, clase y cultura. A pesar de la transformación social, la expansión de la educación y las oportunidades económicas, las normas patriarcales profundamente arraigadas y las desigualdades estructurales continúan configurando sus experiencias vividas; sin embargo, la producción académica existente sigue estando fragmentada. Esta revisión sistemática siguió las directrices PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020, recopilando estudios cualitativos, cuantitativos y de métodos mixtos revisados por pares publicados entre 2015 y 2025 en las principales bases de datos académicas, con un enfoque en los roles sociales, la agencia, la identidad y las limitaciones estructurales de las mujeres indias malayas. Los datos fueron analizados temáticamente mediante un marco interseccional. Los hallazgos indican que las mujeres indias malayas experimentan una tensión constante entre las expectativas tradicionales y las aspiraciones modernas. La educación, el empleo y el acceso digital ofrecen vías de empoderamiento, pero persisten las barreras estructurales —incluidas las normas patriarcales, la división del trabajo por género y el apoyo institucional insuficiente—. La agencia se ejerce mediante la negociación adaptativa, la resiliencia y la participación colectiva, en lugar de mediante la confrontación directa, mientras que las tensiones intergeneracionales y las disparidades socioeconómicas siguen configurando sus experiencias privadas y públicas. La revisión concluye que las mujeres indias malayas son agentes sociales activos dentro de contextos socioculturales restrictivos pero dinámicos. Abordar la desigualdad de género requiere políticas interseccionales y culturalmente pertinentes, así como programas comunitarios que transformen las narrativas basadas en el déficit hacia una transformación estructural y un empoderamiento inclusivo].

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