Identification of traffic accident-prone locations and determination of victim evacuation routes on national roads in Semarang City

Abstract

Semarang City records one of the highest traffic accident rates in Central Java, with incidents concentrated along national roads. A prompt and accurate emergency response is critical to preventing fatalities among accident victims. This study aims to: (1) identify traffic accident blackspot locations on national roads in Semarang City; (2) analyze the characteristics of those locations; and (3) determine optimal evacuation routes from blackspot locations to the nearest hospital emergency units. Using a descriptive quantitative approach with accident data from 2023 to 2024, the study applies Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis, including buffering, overlay, and Network Analyst techniques. Results show 35 blackspot locations across 9 national road segments, with a total of 403 accidents involving 500 casualties over the study period. Morning hours (06:00–11:59) recorded the highest accident frequency, and motorcycle users accounted for the majority of road users involved. The most common collision type was rear-angle (side-impact at intersections). Network analysis produced 19 distinct evacuation routes served by 11 referral hospitals. Most routes met the WHO-recommended 8-minute response standard, except those serving the Mangkang area near the Kendal regency border.