Gap-Protected Heisenberg-Limited Squeezing with Locally Interacting Multi-Level Spins

Abstract

We demonstrate a general mechanism to generate scalable, metrologically useful entanglement in the form of generalized spin squeezing in multi-level (qudit) spin systems with power-law interactions. We demonstrate this for spin-changing dynamics, extending the physics of spin-nematic squeezing known from spinor BECs to spatially extended lattice geometries. In the absence of all-to-all connectivity, the dynamics generally suffers from leakage into non-collective finite-momentum modes, destroying Heisenberg scaling. We show that introducing local $\mathfrak{su}(D)$ exchange interactions establishes an energy gap that protects the fully symmetric collective manifold, suppressing non-collective excitations, and achieving Heisenberg scaling $\xi^2\propto1/N$ in one to three dimensions for any power-law exponent. We provide an analytical understanding of the mechanism via the analysis of the Bogoliubov excitation spectrum, and demonstrate its effectiveness via numerical simulations of the quantum many-body dynamics. Our findings more broadly apply to other spin-squeezing Hamiltonians, and directly generalize to larger internal spin dimensions. Our results provide a practical pathway towards scalable Heisenberg-limited qudit entanglement generation in experimental platforms such as arrays of (polar) molecules, magnetic atoms, and Rydberg atoms realizing multi-level spin systems.