Development of Anticipatory Trauma Scale: Relationship With Social Support, Resilience, Mental Well-Being.

Resilience as a Predictor of Psychological Recovery among Trauma Survivors

Traumatic experiences often result in psychological distress that impairs individuals' emotional, social, and daily functioning. Nevertheless, not all trauma survivors experience prolonged psychological difficulties, as many demonstrate the capacity to achieve psychological recovery. Resilience has been widely recognized as an important protective factor that facilitates positive adaptation following traumatic experiences. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the role of resilience in predicting psychological recovery among trauma survivors. A quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational design was employed, involving 128 trauma survivors selected using purposive sampling. Resilience was assessed using the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale-10 (CD-RISC-10), whereas psychological recovery was measured using the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery (QPR-15). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and simple linear regression. The findings revealed that resilience was positively and significantly associated with psychological recovery (r = .624, p < .001) and emerged as a significant predictor (β = .624, p < .001), explaining 38.9% of the variance in psychological recovery (R² = .389). These findings indicate that individuals with higher resilience are more likely to achieve better psychological recovery following traumatic experiences. The study provides empirical evidence supporting resilience as a key psychological resource in post-traumatic adaptation and highlights the importance of resilience-based interventions to facilitate psychological recovery among trauma survivors.

INTERPERSONAL ATTACHMENT AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL RESOURCE FOR COPING WITH THE CONSEQUENCES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA

Background. Traumatic events substantially affect individuals’ mental health, contributing to the development of posttraumatic symptoms and complicating the process of psychological adaptation. One of the factors influencing individual responses to traumatic experiences is interpersonal attachment, which affects emotion regulation, the willingness to seek and use social support, and the choice of coping strategies. Aim. To investigate interpersonal attachment as a psychological resource for coping with traumatic experiences, to examine the relationships between attachment styles, posttraumatic symptoms, and coping strategies, and to determine the predictive role of attachment styles in the use of coping strategies. Methods. The study involved 50 participants aged 18–25 years who had experienced traumatic events. Ukrainian-language versions of the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ), the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ) were used to collect empirical data. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rank-order correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis. Results. Statistically significant positive associations were found between anxious attachment and overall posttraumatic symptom severity, re-experiencing symptoms, negative alterations in cognition and mood, and the escape–avoidance coping strategy. Fearful and dismissive-avoidant attachment styles were associated with a lower tendency to seek social support. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that attachment styles significantly predicted the use of the escape–avoidance coping strategy (R² = 0.240, p = 0.013). Anxious attachment increased the likelihood of using this maladaptive coping strategy, whereas secure attachment demonstrated a protective effect and was associated with a lower likelihood of its use. Conclusions. The findings confirm that interpersonal attachment is an important psychological resource for coping with traumatic experiences. Secure attachment promotes the use of adaptive coping strategies, whereas anxious attachment increases vulnerability to maladaptive coping responses. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of considering attachment characteristics when providing psychological support to individuals who have experienced traumatic events. Keywords: interpersonal attachment, traumatic experiences, posttraumatic symptoms, coping strategies, psychological resources, social support.

Beyond Survival: Psychological Distress, Trauma Recovery, And Reintegration among Survivors of Online Sexual Abuse and Exploitation of Children (OSAEC)

This study examined the social and psychological dimensions of Online Sexual Abuse and Exploitation of Children (OSAEC) survivors and used the findings to develop a trauma-informed intervention model that included protection, recovery and reintegration. Specifically, the study analyzed the demographic profile, psychological distress, sense of coherence, strengths and difficulties and post-traumatic stress symptoms of 100 OSAEC survivors from CSWD run shelters in Iligan City. Standardized assessment tools were used to measure the levels of depressive symptoms, coping, behavior and trauma-related stress. The key findings of the study showed that majority of the survivors were male, ranging from 13 to 15 years old, come from large and low-income families with poor educational attainment and high unemployment. The participants were found to have high scores in depressive thoughts, depressive moods, somatic symptoms and low energy. They also reported a moderate level of sense of coherence with high scores in comprehensibility but lower manageability, which means that they were not coping well and have difficulty in asking for help. Moreover, they showed high levels of emotional symptoms, behavioral problems, hyperactivity and difficulty with peers and demonstrated internalizing and externalizing behavior. Lastly, post-traumatic stress symptoms were highly evident in terms of avoidance and intrusion, which markedly are persistent trauma responses. Based on the results of the study, an integrative intervention framework that focused on protection, recovery and reintegration was developed. This study provides evidence to strongly support the need for a holistic, integrative and responsive intervention program for OSAEC survivors that will lead to long-term healing and optimal functioning.

The moderating role of posttraumatic growth in the relationship between earthquake trauma, hope, and perceived social support.

The 6 February 2023, earthquakes in Türkiye caused extensive devastation and widespread psychological distress, yet also provided a unique context to examine resilience processes such as posttraumatic growth (PTG). This study investigated whether PTG moderates the associations between post-earthquake trauma symptoms and two adaptive outcomes: dispositional hope and perceived social support. Participants were 319 adult survivors (ages 18-65; M = 29.28, SD = 11.43; 56.7% women) from Kahramanmaraş and Hatay who completed measures of trauma symptoms, PTG, hope, and perceived social support. Correlational analyses revealed positive associations among all study variables. Moderation analyses, controlling for prior adverse experiences, demonstrated that PTG moderated the negative association between trauma symptoms and hope: only individuals with low PTG reported diminished hope in the context of elevated trauma symptoms. For perceived social support, a different pattern emerged: survivors with high PTG showed a positive association between trauma symptoms and support, suggesting that PTG may facilitate the recognition or mobilization of social resources under stress. Prior adverse experiences emerged as a significant negative predictor of perceived social support, highlighting the role of cumulative trauma history in shaping relational resources. Taken together, these findings highlight PTG's dual role as both a psychological and relational resilience mechanism. Clinically, they suggest that interventions fostering PTG may help sustain hope and strengthen social connectedness despite persistent trauma symptoms.

Ego-resilience, stress and anxiety predicting psychological well-being of adolescents

Adolescence is a vulnerable growing phase marked by physical, emotional, psychological, and social changes. During this phase, adolescents are particularly vulnerable to stress and anxiety — driven by fear of failure, academic overload, and peer competition —which significantly impacts their psychological well-being. This study examined how ego resilience, perceived stress, and anxiety predict the psychological well-being of adolescents. A quantitative, predictive correlational design was employed with 61 adolescents (aged 13–18) from urban private schools in Delhi, India, selected through disproportionate stratified sampling. The Perceived Stress Scale, Ego Resilience Scale, Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were administered. Ego resilience was significantly positively associated with self-acceptance (r = .353, p = .005). State and trait anxiety demonstrated the strongest negative associations with self-acceptance (r = −.643 and r = −.591, respectively) and environmental mastery. Perceived stress significantly and negatively predicted environmental mastery (r = −.448) and self-acceptance (r = −.412). Together, all the predictors explained 16.6% of the variance in psychological well-being (F (4, 56) = 2.78, p = .035, R² = .166). While the overall regression model significantly predicted psychological well-being, none of the individual predictors reached a statistically significant level independently, suggesting that ego resilience, perceived stress, and anxiety collectively contribute to psychological well-being rather than any single factor acting as a dominant predictor. Findings support the need for school-based anxiety management and resilience-building interventions to promote adolescent psychological well-being.

Attachment Orientations as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Resilience and Posttraumatic Symptoms in War-related Trauma