Aug 2026· Journal des adolescens· 0 citations· 30 references
Medicine
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Perceived parental autonomy support (PAS) and life satisfaction (LS) may change during adolescence, yet longitudinal studies have typically examined prospective associations and developmental trajectories in separate models. This study examined how these constructs changed and were linked throughout secondary school in South Korea.
Methods
Data came from the Grade 7 cohort of the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018, a nationally representative longitudinal survey from 2018 to 2023. The baseline sample included 2590 adolescents aged approximately 13 years: 1405 boys (54.2%) and 1185 girls (45.8%). Adolescents completed annual self-report measures of PAS and LS. The autoregressive latent trajectory model estimated growth factors, growth-factor associations, autoregressive paths, and cross-lagged paths. Wave 1 was treated as an initial condition, and growth trajectories were defined from ages 14 to 18.
Results
PAS declined on average from ages 14 to 18. LS showed individual differences in change but no significant linear slope in the ALT model. The intercepts of PAS and LS were positively associated, but their slopes were not. LS was not significantly associated with later PAS, while PAS was associated with later LS from age 16 to 17 and from age 17 to 18.
Conclusions
PAS was prospectively associated with subsequent LS only during the later years of secondary school. Perceived autonomy support may therefore be particularly relevant when adolescents face increasingly consequential academic and future-oriented decisions. During this period, parents' efforts to express trust, acknowledge adolescents' perspectives, and support self-endorsed decision-making may be especially relevant to adolescents' LS.
Despite strong research traditions in educational stratification and parenting, few studies have simultaneously examined how educational tracks and parenting styles jointly predict self-esteem from adolescence into young adulthood, particularly in the East Asian context where status and pressure are markedly salient. This study examines how educational pathways and parenting dimensions shape self-esteem trajectories from early adolescence to post-high school in South Korea. Using three waves of data (2010–2016, ages 13 to 19) from the nationally representative Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) (N = 1,484, 52% females; Mage = 15.89 years, SD = 0.34), results indicated pathway stratification in self-esteem. Compared with the academic-to-university pathway (56%), adolescents in the academic-to-junior (21%) and technical-to-postsecondary (10%) pathways reported significantly lower self-esteem across waves, though no significant differences emerged for the technical-to-labor market (9%) and academic-to-labor market (4%) pathways. Parenting dimensions showed robust associations: affection was positively associated with self-esteem, whereas excessive expectations and excessive interference were negatively associated. Moderation analyses revealed parenting operates as a context amplifier, primarily among the technical-to-postsecondary pathway. The results demonstrate that self-esteem development in adolescence is shaped by an integrated framework that combines macro-level educational structures with micro-level family processes, suggesting a practical need for school–family partnerships and parent education programs that emphasize warm and autonomy-supporting parenting, especially for youth experiencing major educational transitions.
Sue-Yeon Song, Wei-Lin Chen· Journal of Youth and Adolesc...· 0 citations
Adolescents with overweight/obesity face co-occurring declines in physical activity (PA) and intensifying weight self-stigma (WSS), yet the longitudinal reciprocal dynamics remain poorly understood, particularly outside Western contexts. This three-wave study examined developmental trajectories and within-person bidirectional associations between PA and WSS in 325 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 15.41), using latent growth curve and random-intercept cross-lagged panel models to disentangle stable between-person differences from temporal fluctuations. PA showed a significant linear decrease (β = -.25) while WSS linearly increased (β = .31). Parallel growth analyses revealed that higher initial PA predicted slower WSS accumulation (β = -.22), and higher initial WSS forecasted steeper PA declines (β = -.20). Critically, reciprocal within-person effects emerged only during the academic semester (T1 → T2): deviations above one's typical PA level reduced subsequent WSS (β = -.15), and elevated WSS suppressed later PA (β = -.18), whereas the corresponding cross-lagged effects were not significant during the winter vacation (T2 → T3), underscoring context-dependent temporality. No gender moderation was detected. These findings demonstrate that PA and WSS form a mutually reinforcing loop that is acutely sensitive to environmental structure, informing targeted, phase-sensitive interventions that combine stigma reduction with PA promotion within naturalistic educational settings.
Kanglin Wang, Zaihao Wu, Jian Sun et al.· Applied Psychology: Health a...· 0 citations
Abstract Background Evidence of how parenting stress evolves during early childhood is limited. We aimed to identify parenting stress trajectories involving children aged 1 month to 3 years, and to determine their perinatal predictors. Methods Data were obtained from 3133 mothers in the Tokyo Teen Cohort (TTC), a population‐based cohort of children born between 2002 and 2004. Parenting stress was self‐recorded in the Maternal and Child Health Handbook (MCHH) at eight time points between 1 and 36 months postpartum. Latent class growth analysis identified trajectories; multivariate multinomial logistic regression analyzed baseline predictors from the MCHH or the TTC first wave. Results Five distinct trajectories were identified: consistently low (n = 1,691, 54.0%), consistently high (n = 158, 5.0%), consistently moderately high (n = 719, 22.9%), high‐decreasing (n = 299, 9.5%), and low‐increasing (n = 266, 8.5%). Compared with the consistently low group, primiparity predicted all trajectories with initially high stress: consistently high (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–2.37), consistently moderately high (aOR 1.92, 95% CI 1.57–2.35), and high‐decreasing (aOR 1.87, 95% CI 1.38–2.54). Preterm birth also predicted the consistently high trajectory (aOR 2.38, 95% CI 1.31–4.32). Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy (aOR 1.33, 95% CI 1.06–1.67) and male sex (aOR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66–0.97) predicted the consistently moderately high trajectory. High maternal education (aOR 1.58, 95% CI 0.99–2.52) tended to predict the low‐increasing trajectory. Maternal age, chronic health conditions, smoking during pregnancy, single‐parent household, and history of infertility treatment were not significant predictors. Conclusion Parenting stress follows heterogenous trajectories, necessitating repeated assessments during the first 3 years. Integrating systematic, self‐recorded screenings into routine check‐ups could facilitate the timely identification of evolving stress patterns. Recognizing early predictors, including primiparity and preterm birth, can further assist in identifying mothers warranting closer longitudinal monitoring.
Nao Oikawa, Mariko Hosozawa, S. Yamasaki et al.· JCPP Advances· 0 citations
Population aging and declining fertility have transformed family life courses, yet their long-term implications for women’s health remain insufficiently understood. This study examined whether distinct marital and fertility trajectories were associated with subsequent changes in depressive symptoms and physical functional limitations among Chinese women. We used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), including 5,871 women aged 45–65 years at baseline. Retrospective marital and fertility histories from ages 15 to 49 were reconstructed using sequence-based methods and grouped into trajectory typologies through Ward’s clustering. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the CES-D-10, and physical functional limitations were measured using the Nagi Disability Scale. Associations with longitudinal health outcomes were estimated using linear mixed-effects models. Robustness analyses additionally adjusted for childhood contexts, and sensitivity analyses restricted the sample to women with at least two valid outcome observations. Four trajectory groups were identified: Stable Marriage & Two-Child (40.0%), Early Marriage & High-Parity (43.3%), Stable Marriage & One-Child (15.6%), and Predominantly Married & Childless (1.2%). Compared with the Stable Marriage & Two-Child group, the Early Marriage & High-Parity group had higher baseline depressive symptoms (β = 0.858, 95% CI: 0.560 to 1.157) and higher physical functional limitations (β = 0.206, 95% CI: 0.143 to 0.269), with a faster increase in physical functional limitations over time (β = 0.025, 95% CI: 0.012 to 0.038). The Stable Marriage & One-Child group had lower baseline depressive symptoms (β = -0.858, 95% CI: -1.271 to -0.445) and lower physical functional limitations (β = -0.163, 95% CI: -0.251 to -0.076), with a marginally slower increase in physical functional limitations (β = -0.018, 95% CI: -0.036 to 0.000). The Predominantly Married & Childless group did not differ significantly from the reference group. These associations were broadly consistent in robustness and sensitivity analyses. Women’s marital and fertility trajectories were associated with later depressive symptoms and physical functional limitations from midlife to early old age. Early marriage and high parity were linked to poorer depressive and functional outcomes, whereas the Stable Marriage & One-Child trajectory was associated with relatively better depressive and functional outcomes. These findings suggest that the timing and structure of family formation may have lasting implications for women’s later-life depressive symptoms and physical functional limitations.
Chengchuan Chen, Na Zhou, Xiaowen Wu et al.· BMC Public Health· 0 citations
The literature shows that parenting style is the main factor for the positive development of children at all stages of development. Positive development has been evaluated using various psychological constructs. This study analyzes this relationship using four constructs with a strong adaptive component: dispositional optimism, hope, general self-efficacy and sense of coherence. Additionally, we adopt an ecological perspective and examine whether these associations differ across cross-sectional age groups, sex, and academic pathways. To this end, a sample of 1507 adolescents and emerging adults from different academic pathways, between 12 and 18 years old and 52% female, completed the following questionnaires: the Youth Life Orientation Test (YLOT), Children’s Hope Scale (CHS), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSS), Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13) questionnaires and a scale for evaluating parenting style (Scale for the Evaluation of Parenting Style in Adolescents). A random sampling was carried out by schools in a Spanish province. Previous reliability and validity analyses of the constructs were carried out and correlational analyses and structural predictions were made. The results show that the constructs define a unique factor of positive development and that positive parenting is associated with better positive development. However, the relevance of these relationships are lower as the age group is higher, except in the group of young people with less successful academic pathways. The relation between positive parenting and positive development are different depending on sex, adolescent stage and academic pathway. Families that provide positive support may calibrate their involvement to the needs typically associated with different age groups. Implications for family and academic arenas are discussed.
Álvaro Balaguer, S. Orejudo, Elkin O. Luis· Current Psychology· 0 citations
BACKGROUND
While the long-term impact of childhood adversity on mental health in middle and old age is receiving increasing attention, the association between food insecurity at different early-life stages and the dynamic trajectories of depressive symptoms remains unclear. The potential mediating role of educational attainment in this relationship also warrants investigation.
METHODS
Utilizing data from the nationally representative China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this study included 4546 participants aged 45 and above with complete information. Based on retrospective data, early-life food insecurity was categorized into distinct periods: Early Childhood (0-5 years), Middle Childhood (6-12 years), Adolescence (13-17 years), and Multiple periods. Group-based trajectory modeling was employed to identify developmental trajectories of depressive symptoms from 2011 to 2020. A counterfactual framework-based mediation model was used to analyze the mediating effect of educational attainment. Stratified analyses were conducted by gender and residence.
RESULTS
Five distinct depressive symptom trajectories were identified. Early-life food insecurity, particularly exposure during Middle Childhood (OR range: 1.34-2.03) and Multiple periods (OR range: 1.51-2.81), significantly increased the risk of belonging to non-stable, high-risk depressive trajectories. Mediation analysis revealed that educational attainment played a significant mediating role in the association between food insecurity during Middle Childhood, Adolescence, Multiple periods, and the risk of adverse depressive trajectories. The indirect effect values were 0.009, 0.007, and 0.010, accounting for 9.83%, 10.82%, and 7.14% of the total effect, respectively. Exploratory subgroup analyses suggested that these associations were more pronounced among females and rural residents.
CONCLUSION
Early-life food insecurity, especially during middle childhood or across multiple developmental periods, was associated with less favorable depressive symptom trajectories in later life. Education explained only a modest share of these associations, suggesting multiple life-course pathways linking childhood deprivation to later-life mental health.
Qinyi Guan, Qing-Lan Chen, Kaisheng Teng· Social Science & Medicine (1...· 0 citations
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