Multi-omics insights into uveitis: From mechanisms to precision medicine (Review)

Multi-omics approaches in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic targets and precision medicine

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease with limited therapeutic options and marked molecular heterogeneity. Despite available antifibrotic therapies, disease progression remains poorly predictable, highlighting the need for improved mechanistic understanding and therapeutic targeting. This review summarizes recent advances in multi-omics research to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying IPF and to identify potential biomarkers and pharmacological targets. Multi-omics studies, including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microbiome profiling, and single-cell sequencing, have revealed key pathogenic mechanisms in IPF. Genetic susceptibility factors such as MUC5B promoter variants and telomere-related genes contribute to disease risk. Epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, plays a central role in fibrotic remodeling. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses have identified dysregulated signaling pathways, including TGF-β, mTOR, cellular senescence, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Metabolomic alterations indicate disrupted lipid and amino acid metabolism. Importantly, integration of multi-omics datasets enables the identification of molecular endotypes, candidate biomarkers, and potential therapeutic targets. However, challenges including data integration, tissue heterogeneity, limited cohort size, and the need for functional validation remain important barriers to clinical translation. Continued development of multi-omics approaches may facilitate more accurate disease classification and support the development of personalized therapeutic strategies for IPF.

Omics research in Parkinson’s disease: evolution, integrated analysis, pathogenic mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets

This review focuses on the transition from single-omics to integrative multi-omics analysis, which helps overcome the constraints of individual omics strategies and provides a more systematic understanding of PD pathogenesis.

Transcriptomic Insights into Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome: Redefining Disease Mechanisms and Clinical Precision

A scoping review on emerging biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease: Towards precision medicine in diagnosis and therapeutic management

Emerging biomarkers are fundamental for the transition to precision medicine in IBD, aiming to enhance pathogenesis understanding, personalize therapies, and improve patient quality of life, establishing pathways for more effective, individualized management approaches.

Multi-Omics Integration in Clinical Practice for the Identification of Genetic Variants in Rare Diseases.

One of the main challenges in the field of rare diseases (RDs) remains the persistent lack of timely and accurate diagnoses. Currently, it is estimated that over half of patients remain undiagnosed. The recent development of high-throughput omics technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, is transforming the diagnosis and research of rare genetic diseases. These technologies allow for a deeper understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms and greatly improve diagnostic accuracy. This review outlines a comprehensive clinical workflow that integrates deep phenotyping, genomic variant identification, and functional validation with multi-omics approaches to enhance diagnostic accuracy in RDs. We detail the key methodologies, bioinformatics tools, and developmental processes used in omics, focusing on their roles in identifying and prioritizing candidate variants, interpreting variants of uncertain significance, and generating clinically relevant information. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of both targeted and non-targeted functional validation strategies, which provide essential evidence of pathogenicity. The integration of multi-omics approaches will improve our understanding of RDs, enhance diagnostic accuracy in clinical settings, and lay the foundation for future therapeutic development within the framework of precision medicine.

Multi-omics approaches for deciphering disease evolution and identifying therapeutic targets in acute myeloid leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous hematologic malignancy characterized by dynamic clonal evolution, diverse molecular alterations, and variable therapeutic responses. Although advances in genomic profiling have substantially improved disease classification and risk stratification, many patients continue to experience relapse and treatment resistance, highlighting the need for a more comprehensive understanding of AML biology. Recent developments in multi-omics technologies, including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and single-cell approaches, have enabled unprecedented insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying AML initiation, progression, and therapeutic failure. Integrative multi-omics analyses have revealed complex interactions among genetic mutations, epigenetic remodeling, metabolic reprogramming, and leukemia microenvironmental adaptations that collectively drive disease evolution. These approaches have also facilitated the identification of novel biomarkers, lineage-specific dependencies, and therapeutically actionable vulnerabilities that are not apparent from single-layer analyses. Furthermore, multi-omics-guided studies are accelerating the development of precision medicine strategies by improving patient stratification and uncovering mechanisms of drug resistance. In this review, we summarize recent advances in multi-omics technologies and discuss how integrative analyses are reshaping our understanding of AML evolution. We highlight emerging therapeutic targets identified through multi-omics investigations and examine their translational potential for innovative drug development. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future opportunities for implementing multi-omics-guided precision medicine in AML.