Aug 2026· IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference· pp. 328-338· 0 citations· 38 references
TL;DR
Evaluated on real-world system-level requirements documents, comprising more than 720 requirements and 72 use cases, the approach generates system-level diagrams comparable to those created by experts and provides valuable architectural recommendations.
Abstract
The increasing complexity of cyber-physical systems, such as modern automotive E/E architectures, demands efficient, consistent, and scalable modeling processes. Traditional manual modeling of SysML diagrams from natural-language requirements is time-consuming and error-prone. We target to assist E/E architects in the process by utilizing large language models (LLMs). Therefore, we designed a three-step approach for automated generation of SysML activity diagrams. First, the approach identifies diagram element candidates in the requirements and matches them to potential existing elements. Second, missing elements are generated, and finally, the elements are linked. Evaluated on real-world system-level requirements documents, comprising more than 720 requirements and 72 use cases, our approach generates system-level diagrams comparable to those created by experts and provides valuable architectural recommendations. A survey with nine industry architects shows that at the system-level LLM-generated diagrams were even rated higher than the diagrams modeled by experts. However, quality degrades at the subsystem-level, where human refinement remains essential for correctness and completeness.
Converting activity diagrams in System Modeling Language (SysML) and natural language requirements into executable probabilistic verification results remains a key bottleneck for safetycritical model-based systems engineering (MBSE). This process involves the use of probabilistic symbolic models (PRISM) and probabilistic computation tree logic (PCTL) specifications. Existing automation approaches suffer from high error rates due to one-shot generation, lack of intermediate validation, and absence of systematic error recovery. This paper proposes a progressive verification pipeline integrating three synergistic innovations: (1) stepwise PCTL generation decomposes synthesis into validated phases; (2) dual-layer structured intermediate representation separates rule-level validation from model-level validation; (3) closed-loop targeted repair applies type-specific correction strategies. Evaluation on 52 industrial cases across 16 domains demonstrates 92% PCTL accuracy and 92% PRISM equivalence, outperforming state-of-the-art baselines by 7-12 percentage points while reducing verification time by over 90%. Ablation studies confirm synergistic gains across all pipeline components.
Jia Xu, Lei Yu, Peng Wang et al.· Annual International Compute...· 0 citations
Background: Bridging the gap between requirement analysis and system design remains a critical challenge in software engineering. Existing Problem Frames (PF)–based approaches lack automated mapping mechanisms to Unified Modeling Language (UML) models, resulting in requirements-design disconnection, inefficient manual transformation, and insufficient traceability. Methods: We propose PF2UML, a model-driven transformation method that automatically converts PF specifications into comprehensive UML requirement models. The approach comprises three components: (1) an extended PF meta-model with semantic annotations addressing structural, behavioral, and servicelevel gaps; (2) a graphical modeling platform built on Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF) and Sirius following the Meta-Object Facility (MOF) three-layer architecture; and (3) 24 declarative transformation rules implemented in Atlas Transformation Language (ATL), generating four UML diagram types: conceptual class diagrams, use case diagrams, service diagrams, and SSDs. Results: Validation on five representative opensource systems with 12 participants demonstrates a transformation accuracy of 93.6% (130% improvement over baseline), an average reduction in end-to-end time from Requirements Modeling and Model Transformation (RM+MT) of 26.8%, and a practical average ROI of 236.6%. Conclusion: PF2UML establishes seamless and traceable integration from requirements modeling to system design, significantly reducing manual effort and improving consistency for complex interdisciplinary system development.
Hongbin Xiao, Zhi Li, Yilong Yang et al.· International journal of sof...· 0 citations
The United States Department of War and industry are rapidly adopting digital engineering and Model‐Based Systems Engineering to facilitate system design and acquisition using languages such as the
Sys
tems
M
odeling
L
anguage (SysML). These tools support the design of increasingly complex systems as they maintain system requirements, analysis, and system specification within a common toolset. The models provide a single source of truth to be shared across the design team, ideally improving knowledge sharing. Unfortunately, representation of human interaction with these tools has been limited. The current research defined a SysML extension and modeling method to support critical task analysis for user interface design of safety‐critical systems. This language extension and method capture the required elements for critical task analysis as required in United States Department of War documentation, include associated information elements for each task, and provide a method to simulate the performance of these critical tasks to estimate the criticality of each information element to the user within a specific mission. The model provides a method to understand the information requirements during user interface design, as well as to include human task modeling to support simulation during mission engineering.
Josiah J. Franklin, Michael E. Miller· Systems Engineering· 0 citations
A conformance-checker-driven framework for reliable natural-language-to-SysMLv2 translation that enforces production-level acceptance as the termination condition and converts probabilistic outputs into production-accepted SysMLv2 artifacts suitable for loading, visualization, and engineering use.
Chance LaVoie, Eladio Andujar Lugo, Taylan G. Topcu et al.· arXiv.org· 1 citation
A Domain-Specific Language (DSL), named RI language, designed for the declarative description of microservices, along with a supporting tool, TSE (Toolbox Service Executor), implemented in Python and based on the RI grammar, enables the representation of structural and operational aspects of services in a technology-agnostic manner.
Cássio Ritse, Machado Dos, Santos Silva et al.· 0 citations
A model-based approach in the Gamma Statechart Composition Framework for integration test generation on the basis of collaborating state-based models is introduced to ease test generation complexity using query-dependent model processing.
Bence Graics, V. Molnár, I. Majzik· Innovations in Systems and S...· 0 citations
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