Translation of Cultural Terms in Bilingual Anthology of Indonesian Writing: Nandurin Karang Awak

Translation Method in English-Indonesia Selected Sentences of Harry Potter and The Order of Phoenix

Translation plays a crucial role in transferring meaning across languages, particularly in literary works where linguistic and cultural elements require careful interpretation and adaptation. However, differences in linguistic structure and cultural context often create challenges in the transfer of meaning between source and target languages. This study aims to identify the translation methods applied at the sentence level in the English–Indonesian translation of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix and to examine how these methods are used in transferring meaning from the source language to the target language. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, with data consisting of five selected sentences analyzed using Newmark’s (1988) translation methods framework. The findings reveal that two translation methods are applied: literal translation and semantic translation. Semantic translation is the most frequently used method (60%), while literal translation appears in 40% of the data. The analysis shows that both methods contribute to meaning transfer, although they differ in their approach to conveying linguistic and contextual elements. This study contributes to translation studies by providing a focused sentence-level analysis and demonstrating how translators employ different translation methods according to contextual needs. The findings offer practical insights for literary translators and educators in English–Indonesian translation contexts.

Translation Procedures of Cultural Elements in the Poem Takkan Hilang

This study examines the translation procedures of cultural elements in the Malay poetry collection Takkan Hilang by Abdul Ghafar Ibrahim and its English translation by Harry Aveling. The main focus of the study is to identify the categories of cultural elements present in the source text and to analyse the translation procedures employed in transferring these cultural elements from Malay as the source language into English as the target language. This study is guided by the theoretical framework proposed by Peter Newmark (1988), particularly his categorisation of cultural elements and translation procedures. A qualitative approach is employed using text analysis of 61 poems in the source language and their corresponding 61 translated poems. The data are analysed systematically by identifying cultural elements based on the categories of ecology, material culture and artefacts, social culture, as well as organisations, customs, activities, and concepts. The findings indicate that Takkan Hilang is rich in Malay cultural elements and that various translation procedures are employed to preserve the meaning and cultural values of the source text. Among the procedures identified are cultural equivalence, functional equivalence, modulation, synonymy, couplet, literal translation, as well as reduction and expansion. In conclusion, the appropriate selection of translation procedures plays a crucial role in preserving cultural elements and ensuring that the poetic message can be effectively understood by target readers without compromising the originality of the source meaning.

LINGUACULTURAL ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF CHILDREN'S SONGS BY BARPY ALYKULOV

This article provides a linguacultural analysis of English translations of children's songs by Kyrgyz national poet Barpy Alykulov. The primary goal of the article is to identify the specifics of translating cultural and national traits, poetic imagery, and semiotic meanings of the original texts into English. The article examines the linguistic structure, rhythm, rhyme, imagery, and symbolism of children's folk songs using a comparative analysis method. The study employs comparative typological and linguacultural methods, comprehensively exploring the realities, symbols, and national character of the texts. Specifically, it analyzes the strategies used by translators when translating concepts related to Kyrgyz culture into English (e.g., nomadic lifestyle, attitude toward nature, traditional imagery) — adaptation, explanation, and semantic transformation. It is demonstrated that taking linguistic and cultural factors into account when translating children's poems is essential and that these factors directly influence the perception of the text. The results revealed that in some cases, the cultural meaning of the original is not fully preserved, and preference is given to functional equivalence. This phenomenon is observed, especially in the context of ensuring comprehensibility for children. It is also noted that preserving poetic form (coherence and rhythm) often conflicts with the accuracy of the content. The article argues that considering linguistic and cultural factors is one of the key conditions for improving the quality of literary translation. The results of the study contribute to the improvement of the practice of translating Kyrgyz children's poetry into English and the development of translation theory. The results of the study are recommended for use in the theory and practice of literary translation.

Cultural Challenges in English–Arabic Translation: University Students’ Perspectives at the University of Benghazi

This study examines the impact of cultural differences on the translation of literary texts from English into Arabic, focusing on fourth-semester students in the Department of English at the University of Benghazi – Al-Abyar Branch. A quantitative research design was adopted, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to a sample of 40 students. The study aims to identify the main cultural challenges encountered in translation, assess their effect on translation quality, and explore the strategies employed to address these challenges. The findings reveal that cultural competence is essential for effective translation and that literal translation often fails to convey culturally embedded meanings. Idioms, proverbs, social customs, and religious references were identified as the most challenging elements. The study concludes that successful translation requires cultural awareness alongside linguistic proficiency.

JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION, LANGUAGE AND CULTURE

Cognitive-Linguocultural Problems of Translation of Chinese Xiehouyu (歇后语)

The aim of the study was to identify and analyze the features of translating 歇后语 (xiēhòuyǔ) into English, taking into account the structural, semantic, and pragmatic characteristics. The study examined the main categories of Chinese phraseological units, detailed the structure and functions of xiēhòuyǔ, and identified the main issues arising during the translation. The research methodology included the comparative method, which made it possible to identify differences in the structural organization and semantic interpretation of xiēhòuyǔ when translated into English. The method of contextual analysis was used to study how these expressions functioned in different discursive conditions. The contrastive analysis technique was applied to determine translation strategies and the impact on preserving the original meaning and cultural context. The results of the study showed that the translation of xiēhòuyǔ presented considerable difficulty due to the specific structure, semantic layering, and close connection with Chinese culture. The main linguistic and cultural barriers were the absence of equivalent concepts in the target language, phonetic wordplay, and cultural differences. It was established that the most common methods for rendering xiēhòuyǔ were literal translation, adaptation, explanatory translation, and retaining the original with clarification. The analysis of translation strategies demonstrated that the choice of translation method determined the degree of loss or preservation of the original meaning. The optimal approach was the combination of various strategies, allowing for consideration of both the semantic and cultural components of xiēhòuyǔ in translation.