Decoding entrepreneurial intention: A systematic review, theoretical framework synthesis, and research trajectories

Abstract

Entrepreneurial intention (EI) is a critical psychological construct for understanding the precursors of entrepreneurial behavior. Despite a surge in empirical research over the past decade, the literature on EI remains fragmented across theoretical frameworks, methodological approaches, and contextual applications. This study systematically reviews 53 peer-reviewed articles on entrepreneurial intention published between 2018 and 2025 to synthesize theoretical frameworks, methodological patterns, key findings, and future research directions. Guided by the PRISMA approach, the review reveals the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as the predominant model, frequently integrated with constructs from Social Cognitive Theory, Technology Acceptance Model, and moral or contextual frameworks. Quantitative cross-sectional designs dominate the methodological landscape, often involving university student samples and the use of structural equation modelling techniques for hypothesis testing. Findings consistently confirm the central role of attitude, perceived behavioral control, and self-efficacy in predicting EI, while more recent studies highlight the growing significance of emotional intelligence, cultural influences, institutional support, and entrepreneurship education. However, the review identifies key limitations, including the overreliance on student-based samples, a lack of longitudinal and experimental designs, and limited generalizability to actual entrepreneurial behavior in real-world settings. Additionally, contextual diversity across emerging and developed economies remains underexplored. In response, the study proposes five future research trajectories: theoretical expansion beyond dominant models, increased adoption of behavioral and longitudinal approaches, broader contextual and demographic inclusion, pedagogical innovation in entrepreneurship education, and stronger interdisciplinary collaboration. By mapping evolving trends and gaps in EI research, this review provides a foundation for more dynamic, inclusive, and practically relevant scholarship in entrepreneurship studies.