Combined Berberine and Glycyrrhetinic Acid Treatment Confers Antiviral and Host-Protective Effects against CAPRV2023 Infection in Golden Pompano (Trachinotus anak).
Jul 2026· Fish and Shellfish Immunology· Vol 177, pp.
111610
· 0 citations· 28 references
Medicine
TL;DR
Findings indicate that the BBR and GA combination may represent a promising candidate strategy for CAPRV2023 prevention and control, pending further validation, providing preliminary experimental evidence for developing candidate antiviral intervention strategies in marine aquaculture.
Abstract
Carpione rhabdovirus 2023 (CAPRV2023) is an emerging, highly pathogenic pathogen infecting Golden pompano (Trachinotus anak), capable of triggering mass mortality in marine aquaculture populations and causing severe economic losses. Berberine (BBR) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) are natural active compounds classified as an isoquinoline alkaloid and a pentacyclic triterpenoid, respectively, both of which are widely utilized in traditional medicine owing to their antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties. In this study, the combined therapeutic efficacy of the BBR and GA combination against CAPRV2023 infection was systematically evaluated at both in vitro and in vivo levels, with the underlying mechanistic pathways of its protective effects further comprehensively investigated. The results demonstrated that the BBR and GA combination exhibited significant antiviral and cytoprotective activities against CAPRV2023 in a time-dependent manner. The combined administration significantly enhanced the survival rate of CAPRV2023-infected Trachinotus anak, reaching up to 63.33%, while concurrently reducing tissue viral loads markedly. This comprehensive protective effect of the combination therapy is primarily attributed to its dual regulatory mechanisms of suppressing viral replication and alleviating host tissue damage. Specifically, this is achieved by attenuating NF-κB-mediated inflammatory cascade amplification, modulating apoptosis-related stress, and regulating immune and oxidative factors including IFN1, RIG-I, Mx, IL-1β, TNF-α, Caspase-3, SOD, and MDA. Overall, these findings indicate that the BBR and GA combination may represent a promising candidate strategy for CAPRV2023 prevention and control, pending further validation, providing preliminary experimental evidence for developing candidate antiviral intervention strategies in marine aquaculture.
Advanced technological approaches including in silico modelling, molecular docking, and computational target prediction have accelerated the identification of licorice-derived bio-actives and their therapeutic targets against SARS-CoV-2 and these findings advocate licorice as an adjunctive therapeutic candidate, pending optimised formulations.
Mohamed S. Sedeek, Nesma M. Ahmed, Salman Ahmed et al.· Science and Technology Nexus· 0 citations
Caseous lymphadenitis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis that affects small ruminants, resulting in significant economic losses. In response, essential oils (EO) have emerged as promising natural alternatives for disease control. The present study evaluated the chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial activity of EO from Origanum vulgare (OVEO) and Eucalyptus staigeriana (ESEO) against C. pseudotuberculosis isolated from Northeastern Brazil. The antibacterial effect was assessed by disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration, time–kill assays, and combination tests with cloxacillin. Gas chromatography analysis identified carvacrol as the major compound in OVEO, and D‐limonene in ESEO. OVEO demonstrated strong antibacterial efficacy, exhibiting inhibition zones of up to 74 mm and MICs ranging from 31.2 to 250 µg/mL. Both EOs demonstrated bactericidal properties and exhibited additive interactions with cloxacillin (FICi 0.56–1.03). Furthermore, OVEO exhibited strong antioxidant activity (IC50 = 6.89 ± 0.58 µg/mL). These findings underscore the significance of bioactive compounds with antibacterial potential, although further studies are necessary to evaluate their applicability for managing caseous lymphadenitis.
Wanderléia de Aguiar Policarpo, Felipe José Negreiros de Carvalho, Benise Ferreira da Silva et al.· Chemistry and Biodiversity· 0 citations
Background: Natural compounds have garnered increasing attention as candidate antiparasitic therapeutics. We aimed to evaluate the protoscolicidal efficacy of caryophyllene (CAP), alone and in combination with albendazole (ALZ), against hydatid cyst protoscoleces. Methods: Suspensions of 10,000 invaginated and evaginated protoscoleces (400 μL normal saline) were exposed to CAP (62.5–500 μg/mL), ALZ (250 μg/mL), or CAP+ALZ combinations in 24-well culture plates. Protoscolex viability was assessed by eosin exclusion test. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction was quantified using the DCFH-DA assay, and pre-apoptotic gene expression was analyzed by real-time PCR. Results: CAP, particularly in combination with ALZ, significantly reduced the viability of both invaginated and evaginated protoscoleces in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Combination therapy achieved 100% mortality of invaginated protoscoleces within 10–30 minutes, demonstrating significant synergism over either monotherapy. Evaginated protoscolex viability was also markedly diminished. The observed scolicidal activity was mechanistically correlated with apoptosis induction, evidenced by elevated ROS production and significant upregulation of caspase-3 and P53 gene expression (P<0.001). Conclusion: CAP, particularly in combination with ALZ, exhibits potent in vitro protoscolicidal activity against hydatid cyst protoscoleces, with apoptosis induction and ROS generation implicated as underlying mechanisms. Further pharmacodynamic investigations and clinical trials are warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms of action and evaluate the therapeutic potential of CAP-based combination therapy in the management of cystic echinococcosis.
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Neem, or Azadirachta indica A. Juss., is a tree that is both versatile and native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It is frequently employed in traditional medicine to treat skin issues and pyrexia, as well as for environmental protection and insect control. This review reports the multifaceted potential of A. indica (neem), a plant that is profoundly rooted in traditional medicine. Neem has high value due to its rich composition of bioactive compounds, and in particular, has a potential for combating several pathogenic microbial communities. There is an increasing necessity to identify novel antimicrobial agents in light of the alarming increase in drug-resistant pathogens. Neem stands out as a promising option, showcasing a wide range of therapeutic benefits that go beyond just treating common issues like fever and skin problems. Its bioactive compounds boast impressive medicinal properties, offering anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory effects that can be incredibly useful for tackling complex health conditions. This review emphasizes the importance of methods of bioactive extraction and biochemical features of neem leaf extracts. There are many bioactive substances such as, triterpenes, flavonoids, and phenolics that contribute to the plant's antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. In addition, this review discusses the immunomodulatory effects and the influence of various extraction solvents on the yield and composition of bioactive compounds.
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Theileria annulata, the causative agent of tropical theileriosis, poses a significant threat to cattle industries, a challenge further intensified by increasing drug resistance. In this study, the food-grade phenolic compound octyl gallate (OG) was evaluated for its antitheilerial activity and identified as a potent and selective inhibitor of T. annulata. Comparative screening of gallic acid (GA) derivatives revealed that OG exhibited the strongest activity against T. annulata-transformed cell lines, with IC50 values of 374.0 nM in TaNM cells and 448.7 nM in the buparvaquone-resistant TaXJS cells, while maintaining more than 90% viability in bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at concentrations up to 50 μM, indicating a favorable selectivity profile. At the molecular and cellular levels, OG treatment led to significant downregulation of the parasite genes TaSP and Tap104 and led to the disintegration of the annulate lamellae (AL), a parasite-induced, host-derived structure implicated in host cell manipulation, together with a concentration-dependent induction of apoptosis in TaNM and TaXJS cells. Collectively, these results identify OG as a promising lead compound with activity against T. annulata, combining direct effects on the parasite with apoptosis-associated effects in infected host cells. This study provides experimental support for further investigation of OG as a potential therapeutic option for the control of tropical theileriosis, particularly in the context of emerging drug resistance.
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The antibacterial and antiviral properties of Vietnamese Azadirachta indica were assessed against Vibrio species and white-spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was susceptible to most extracts, with the cold ethanolic extract showing the greatest efficacy (IZD = 15.53 ± 0.67 mm). Antibacterial activity against Vibrio alginolyticus was observed only with the hot aqueous extract, which also demonstrated the highest anti-WSSV activity, causing 50% mortality at 0.25 mg/mL. Ultra-performance -liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed significant compositional diversity and distinctive limonoid and -flavonoid profiles. Column chromatography of the ethyl acetate extract resulted in the isolation of four novel limonoids [azadirachtin G (1), 3-desacetyldeoxyazadirachtolid (2), 1-desenecioyl-7-O-methacryloyldeoxy-azadirachtolid (3) and azadirachtolid C (4)] and two previously reported compounds [23-deoxy-azadirachtolid (5) and azadirachtolid A (6)]. Structural elucidation was achieved using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
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