Optimization of Early Fire Warning and Dynamic Evacuation Systems in Buildings Based on IoT and Digital Twins

Abstract

With the increasing complexity and density of modern buildings, efficient fire safety management has become a critical concern. This paper proposes an integrated framework for optimizing early fire warning and dynamic evacuation systems by leveraging Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and digital twin modeling. The IoT-based sensors continuously monitor environmental parameters such as temperature, smoke, and gas concentrations, providing real-time data to the digital twin of the building. The digital twin simulates fire propagation and occupant movement, allowing the system to dynamically adjust evacuation routes and safety measures. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach improves response time, reduces evacuation delays, and enhances overall safety compared to traditional static evacuation systems. The study highlights the potential of combining IoT and digital twin technologies for intelligent, adaptive, and proactive fire safety management in modern buildings